Subcutaneous Hemorrhages in the Context of COVID-19 - Internal Medicine

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Subcutaneous ecchymosis of the calf?


Hello, I was diagnosed with COVID-19 on June 11, and around June 24, I noticed purpura and petechiae on my calves.
I visited a dermatologist on June 26, where the doctor ordered blood tests including CBC, ESR, Creatinine, AST, ALT, and CRP.
The urine test results were normal.
Additionally, I had tests for C3 (91.9, normal range 90-180), C4 (25.2, normal range 10-40), and A-DSDNA (26.5, negative).
The doctor suggested that the elevated immune response post-diagnosis might be causing vasculitis and prescribed Prednisolone BID for 7 days along with topical medication, advising a follow-up visit.

I have a few questions:
1.
I found that one type of vasculitis is associated with ANCA, which can present with sinusitis.
Since I have experienced occasional yellow nasal discharge that drips down my throat since my diagnosis, although I do not have nasal congestion or significant nasal discharge, should I be concerned about needing further testing for ANCA antibodies?
2.
I noticed that my C3 level is on the lower end of the normal range.
Although 91.9 is within the 90-180 range, it is close to 90.
Could this indicate a potential issue related to SLE activity?
3.
Additionally, I occasionally experience mild leg pain, which I have had in the past due to some degenerative changes in my lower back.
Is this related to the current vasculitis?

Guang, 40~49 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/06/27

Dr. Gao Jiankai reply Internal Medicine


Hello, thank you for your question.
Here are my responses:
1.
I have researched that one type of vasculitis is classified as ANCA-associated, which can present with symptoms such as sinusitis.
I have been diagnosed recently and occasionally experience yellow nasal discharge that drips down my throat, but I do not have nasal congestion, and the discharge is not excessive.
Should I be concerned about needing further testing for ANCA antibodies? --> Symptoms of ANCA-associated vasculitis are usually more severe and often include fever, proteinuria, and abnormalities in CRP, ESR, and urinalysis.
Your symptoms and blood test results do not appear to align with this condition, so I believe it is not necessary to test for ANCA at this time.
Please do not worry.
2.
I noticed that a low C3 level may indicate possible activity of SLE.
My C3 level is 91.9, which is within the 90-180 range but close to 90.
Could this be a concern? --> I do not believe this is a problem, so please do not worry.
3.
Additionally, I occasionally experience slight leg pain, which I have had in the past, possibly due to some degeneration in my lower back.
Is this related to the recent vasculitis? --> I believe this is unrelated to the vasculitis.
Your current vasculitis seems more like a short-term immune dysfunction, which should resolve quickly.
Please do not worry.
Best regards from the Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology Department of Changhua Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare.

Reply Date: 2023/06/27

More Info


Hello! Thank you for your questions regarding the subcutaneous hemorrhages and related symptoms in the context of COVID-19. It’s important to address your concerns thoroughly, especially considering the complexities of post-COVID conditions and potential immune responses.

1. Understanding ANCA and Symptoms: You mentioned the possibility of ANCA-associated vasculitis, which can indeed present with symptoms like sinusitis. While your current symptoms of yellow nasal discharge may suggest some form of sinus involvement, it’s essential to differentiate between a viral infection and an autoimmune response. The presence of yellow mucus can indicate a secondary infection or inflammation rather than a direct correlation with ANCA vasculitis. If your physician suspects that your symptoms could be related to an autoimmune process, they may recommend testing for ANCA antibodies. However, this decision should be based on a comprehensive evaluation of your clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. If your symptoms persist or worsen, it would be prudent to discuss this further with your healthcare provider.

2. C3 Levels and SLE Activity: Regarding your C3 levels, while they are within the normal range, being close to the lower limit can be concerning, especially in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). C3 is a complement protein that plays a role in the immune response, and low levels can indicate increased consumption due to ongoing inflammation or immune activity. However, a single measurement near the lower limit does not necessarily indicate active disease. It’s crucial to consider this result alongside other clinical findings and symptoms. Regular monitoring and a thorough evaluation by your healthcare provider can help determine if further investigation or intervention is necessary.

3. Leg Pain and Its Relation to Vasculitis: The occasional leg pain you’re experiencing could be multifactorial. While it’s possible that your recent diagnosis of vasculitis could contribute to discomfort due to inflammation of blood vessels, it’s also important to consider other causes, such as musculoskeletal issues or prior conditions like degenerative changes in the spine. If the pain is persistent or associated with other concerning symptoms (such as swelling, redness, or significant functional impairment), it would be wise to discuss this with your physician. They may consider imaging studies or further evaluations to rule out any serious underlying conditions.

In summary, your symptoms and laboratory findings warrant careful monitoring and possibly further investigation. It’s essential to maintain open communication with your healthcare provider, who can guide you through the necessary steps based on your evolving clinical picture. Given the complexities of COVID-19 and its potential long-term effects, a multidisciplinary approach may be beneficial. This could involve collaboration between specialists in infectious diseases, rheumatology, and dermatology, depending on your symptoms and laboratory results.

Please continue to observe your symptoms closely, adhere to your prescribed treatment regimen, and follow up with your healthcare provider as needed. Your health and well-being are paramount, and addressing these concerns proactively will help ensure the best possible outcomes. Thank you for reaching out, and I wish you a smooth recovery!

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