Excessive Saliva Production: Causes and When to Seek Help - Otolaryngology

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Excessive saliva production, also known as hypersalivation or sialorrhea, can be a bothersome condition that may arise from various underlying causes. It is characterized by an overproduction of saliva, which can lead to difficulty swallowing, drooling, and discomfort. Understanding the potential causes of this condition is essential for determining the appropriate course of action and when to seek medical help.


Causes of Excessive Saliva Production
1. Medications: Certain medications, particularly those that affect the nervous system, can lead to increased saliva production. This includes some antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and medications used to treat Alzheimer's disease. If you have recently started a new medication or changed your dosage, this could be a contributing factor.

2. Neurological Disorders: Conditions such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, or stroke can affect the nerves that control saliva production and swallowing. These disorders may lead to an inability to manage saliva effectively, resulting in drooling or excessive saliva.

3. Oral Health Issues: Dental problems, such as infections, abscesses, or oral lesions, can stimulate the salivary glands to produce more saliva. Additionally, conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can also lead to increased saliva as the body attempts to neutralize stomach acid.

4. Gastrointestinal Disorders: Conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract, such as peptic ulcers or gastritis, may cause increased saliva production as a response to irritation or inflammation.

5. Psychological Factors: Anxiety and stress can lead to increased saliva production. In some cases, excessive salivation may be a physical manifestation of anxiety or panic disorders.

6. Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can lead to increased saliva production in some women, particularly during the first trimester.

7. Infections: Viral or bacterial infections, particularly those affecting the mouth or throat, can lead to increased saliva production as the body responds to the infection.


When to Seek Help
If you have been experiencing excessive saliva production for two weeks, as you mentioned, it is advisable to seek medical attention. Here are some signs that indicate you should consult a healthcare professional:
- Persistent Symptoms: If the excessive saliva production does not improve or worsens over time.

- Difficulty Swallowing: If you are having trouble swallowing saliva or food, this could indicate a more serious underlying issue.

- Accompanying Symptoms: If you experience other symptoms such as pain, swelling, or changes in taste, it is important to seek medical advice.

- Impact on Daily Life: If the condition is affecting your ability to eat, speak, or engage in daily activities, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider.


Which Specialist to See
For excessive saliva production, you may want to start by consulting a primary care physician who can evaluate your symptoms and medical history. They may refer you to a specialist based on their findings. Potential specialists include:
- Otolaryngologist (ENT): This specialist can evaluate any issues related to the throat, mouth, and salivary glands.

- Dentist: A dentist can assess oral health and identify any dental issues that may be contributing to the problem.

- Neurologist: If a neurological condition is suspected, a neurologist can provide further evaluation and management.

- Gastroenterologist: If gastrointestinal issues are suspected, a gastroenterologist can help diagnose and treat related conditions.

In summary, excessive saliva production can stem from a variety of causes, and it is important to seek medical advice if the symptoms persist. A thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional can help identify the underlying cause and guide you toward appropriate treatment options.