Emergency Contraception and Pregnancy Chances: What You Need to Know

Emergency contraception and its relation to pregnancy probability?

I am 20 years old.
My menstrual period in April was from the 23rd to the 29th, and in May from the 22nd to the 28th, with a cycle of about 29 days.
I had sexual intercourse on June 15th using a condom, but there was a small hole near the abdominal side of the condom.
Therefore, I took emergency contraception within four hours.
I experienced bleeding from June 21st to June 27th, but I have not had any bleeding (menstrual period) since July 25th.
I would like to inquire about the chances of pregnancy and whether I need to take a pregnancy test.

Miss Lin, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/07/25

Dr. Chen Zhiyu reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Please monitor your menstrual cycle.
If there is a delay, you can take a home pregnancy test or visit a gynecologist.
Thank you.

Reply Date: 2023/07/25

More Info

When it comes to emergency contraception and the chances of pregnancy, there are several important factors to consider. Based on your situation, you had unprotected intercourse on June 15, and although you used a condom, it had a small tear. You took emergency contraception within four hours, which is a crucial step in reducing the risk of unintended pregnancy.

Emergency contraception (EC) is most effective when taken as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse. The two main types of EC are levonorgestrel (Plan B) and ulipristal acetate (Ella). Levonorgestrel is effective up to 72 hours after intercourse, while ulipristal acetate can be effective up to 120 hours. Since you took the emergency contraceptive pill within four hours, you maximized your chances of preventing pregnancy.

The bleeding you experienced from June 21 to June 27 could be a side effect of the emergency contraception. It is not uncommon for EC to cause changes in your menstrual cycle, including spotting or breakthrough bleeding. This bleeding does not necessarily indicate that you are not pregnant; it is often a result of hormonal changes caused by the medication.

Given that your menstrual cycle is approximately 29 days, your next expected period would have been around July 22. Since you mentioned that you have not had your period by July 25, it is advisable to take a pregnancy test. Home pregnancy tests are generally accurate if taken after a missed period, and they can provide you with clarity regarding your situation.

If the test is positive, it is important to follow up with a healthcare provider to discuss your options and next steps. If the test is negative, but you still do not get your period, it may be worth consulting with a healthcare professional to rule out any other underlying issues.

In summary, while the use of emergency contraception significantly reduces the risk of pregnancy, it is not 100% effective. The bleeding you experienced could be a side effect of the medication, but since your period is late, taking a pregnancy test is a prudent next step. If you have any concerns or experience any unusual symptoms, do not hesitate to reach out to a healthcare provider for further evaluation and guidance.

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