Floaters: Causes, Symptoms, and When to Seek Help - Ophthalmology

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Floaters, or "flying mosquitoes," are small spots or shapes that appear in your field of vision. They can take various forms, such as dots, circles, or cobweb-like strands, and are often more noticeable when looking at a bright background, such as a clear sky or a white wall. Understanding floaters involves recognizing their causes, symptoms, and when to seek medical help.


Causes of Floaters
Floaters are typically caused by changes in the vitreous humor, the gel-like substance that fills the eye. As we age, the vitreous can become more liquid and may pull away from the retina, leading to the formation of floaters. Other causes can include:
1. Aging: The most common cause, as the vitreous shrinks and becomes more liquid with age.

2. Retinal Detachment: A more serious condition where the retina pulls away from the back of the eye, which can lead to vision loss.

3. Inflammation: Conditions such as uveitis can cause inflammation in the eye, leading to floaters.

4. Bleeding: Any bleeding in the vitreous cavity, often due to conditions like diabetic retinopathy, can result in floaters.

5. Eye Surgery or Trauma: Previous eye surgeries or injuries can also lead to the development of floaters.


Symptoms
The primary symptom of floaters is the appearance of spots or shapes in your vision. They may move as your eyes move, and they can be more pronounced in bright light. In your case, the black shadows you see when looking at bright objects could indeed be floaters. The fact that they disappear when you lift your eyelid suggests they are not related to your eyelashes but rather to the vitreous changes in your eye.


When to Seek Help
While floaters are often harmless, there are certain symptoms that warrant immediate medical attention:
1. Sudden Increase in Floaters: If you notice a sudden increase in the number of floaters, it could indicate a retinal tear or detachment.

2. Flashes of Light: If you experience flashes of light along with floaters, this could also indicate a retinal issue.

3. Loss of Peripheral Vision: If you notice a shadow or curtain effect in your vision, this is a sign of a potential retinal detachment.

4. Changes in Vision: Any significant changes in your vision should prompt a visit to an eye care professional.


Your Symptoms
Regarding your specific symptoms, the black shadows you see when looking at bright objects could indeed be floaters. The phenomenon of seeing light moving with your phone in the dark may not be directly related to your astigmatism but could be a result of how your brain processes visual information in low light conditions. However, if you are concerned about retinal detachment, it is crucial to consult an eye care professional for a comprehensive examination.


Conclusion
In summary, floaters are common and usually harmless, but it’s essential to be aware of the signs that indicate a more serious condition. Given your history of floaters and the recent changes in your vision, I recommend scheduling an appointment with an ophthalmologist. They can perform a thorough examination, including a dilated eye exam, to assess the health of your retina and vitreous humor. Early detection of any potential issues is key to maintaining your eye health and preventing complications.