Irregular Menstrual Cycles: Causes and Concerns

Menstrual issues

I have an irregular menstrual cycle, ranging from 17 to 30 days.
My last period was from September 14 to September 20, and the one before that was from October 1 to October 6.
Currently, I am preparing for a major exam.
On October 7 and 8, I performed oral sex on my boyfriend, and he touched me but stopped when I felt pain.
A few days later, on October 12, I noticed some blood in my underwear, which started off light but has increased today (October 14).
The color resembles menstrual blood, but the amount is not significant (a bit more than the previous day but still less than a typical period).
When I wipe after urinating, there is blood.
According to my ovulation tracking app, my ovulation period was from October 7 to October 12.
1.
If we only engaged in mutual touching and there was no contact with semen, is it unlikely that I could be pregnant? (When I performed oral sex, I was fully clothed, and there was no genital contact; I was dressed before I helped him.)
2.
What could the blood in my underwear indicate?
3.
Could this be related to the flu vaccine I received last week and the antiviral medication I took for influenza A, along with cold medication? I have not been sleeping well, and in the days leading up to getting the flu, I kept waking up suddenly.
After taking the antiviral and the cold medication prescribed at the clinic, I have been sleeping a lot, to the point of sleeping all day.
Could this affect my situation?

11, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/10/14

Dr. Zhang Kunmin reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, based on your description, the chances of pregnancy are low but not impossible.
As long as there are active sperm present in the vagina during the ovulation period, there is still a possibility of pregnancy regardless of the method of intercourse.
It is advisable to take appropriate contraceptive measures.
There are many factors that can influence bleeding outside of the menstrual period, such as age, environment, lifestyle, stress, emotional instability, weight changes, medications, emergency contraceptive pills, diet, polycystic ovary syndrome, uterine or cervical lesions, infections, ovulation, pregnancy, and breastfeeding, among others.
If necessary, please consult a physician for evaluation.
Thank you! Wishing you peace and health.
Dr.
Chang

Reply Date: 2023/10/14

More Info

Understanding irregular menstrual cycles can be quite complex, as they can be influenced by a variety of factors including hormonal changes, stress, lifestyle, and health conditions. In your case, it seems you are experiencing a cycle that varies significantly in length, which is not uncommon. A typical menstrual cycle can range from 21 to 35 days, but irregularities can occur for many reasons.

1. Pregnancy Concerns: Based on your description, if there was no direct genital contact and you were fully clothed during the interactions, the likelihood of pregnancy is very low. Sperm needs to be deposited in the vaginal canal for conception to occur. However, if there is any concern about potential exposure, it is always wise to take a pregnancy test if your period does not arrive as expected.

2. Understanding the Bleeding: The bleeding you are experiencing could be due to several factors. It may be an early sign of your menstrual period, especially since you mentioned that your cycles are irregular. The color and amount of blood can vary significantly during menstruation. However, if the bleeding is not typical for your cycle or is accompanied by pain or other unusual symptoms, it could also be related to other issues such as hormonal fluctuations, ovulation bleeding, or even a response to stress or illness.

3. Impact of Recent Health Events: You mentioned receiving a flu vaccine and taking medication for influenza. Both of these factors can influence your menstrual cycle. Vaccines can cause temporary changes in your body's hormonal balance, and being ill can also affect your cycle due to stress on your body. Additionally, medications can have side effects that may alter your menstrual cycle. If you have been experiencing significant changes in your sleep patterns and overall health, this could also contribute to irregularities in your cycle.

4. Lifestyle Factors: Stress, sleep disturbances, and changes in routine can significantly impact menstrual cycles. If you have been under stress due to exams or other life events, this could also be a contributing factor. Hormonal balance is delicate, and any significant changes in your lifestyle can lead to irregularities.

In conclusion, while irregular menstrual cycles can be concerning, they are often a normal part of life, especially during times of stress or after changes in health. If the bleeding continues, becomes heavier, or is accompanied by severe pain, it would be advisable to consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation. They may recommend tests to rule out any underlying conditions or hormonal imbalances. Keeping track of your cycle, symptoms, and any other health changes can provide valuable information for your healthcare provider.

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