Pregnancy Risks After Unprotected Intercourse and Emergency Contraception

Regarding the probability of pregnancy?

Hello, doctor.
My girlfriend and I had unprotected sexual intercourse yesterday afternoon.
Just before ejaculation, I pulled out and finished outside, but I noticed afterward that my girlfriend is currently in her ovulation period.
This morning, she took emergency contraception.
Can you tell me if this will reduce the chances of pregnancy? We are worried because we did not take proper precautions beforehand.
Thank you for your help!

Niming, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/11/07

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, the chances of pregnancy should be low.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2023/11/07

More Info

When it comes to understanding pregnancy risks after unprotected intercourse and the effectiveness of emergency contraception, it's essential to consider several factors. Engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse, especially during a woman's ovulation period, significantly increases the likelihood of pregnancy. Sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to five days, and if ovulation occurs during this time, fertilization can happen.

In your case, since you mentioned that your girlfriend was in her ovulation period during the unprotected intercourse, the risk of pregnancy is indeed heightened. However, the fact that you used the withdrawal method (pulling out before ejaculation) does provide some level of risk reduction, but it is not a reliable form of contraception. Pre-ejaculate fluid can contain sperm, which means that even if you withdraw before ejaculation, there is still a possibility of pregnancy.

Taking emergency contraception (EC) as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse is a crucial step in reducing the risk of pregnancy. Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are most effective when taken within 72 hours after unprotected sex, but some types can be effective up to 120 hours (five days) after. The sooner the ECP is taken, the more effective it will be. Since your girlfriend took the emergency contraceptive pill the morning after the incident, she has taken the right action to lower her chances of becoming pregnant.

The effectiveness of emergency contraception can vary based on several factors, including the timing of administration relative to the menstrual cycle and the type of emergency contraceptive used. For instance, levonorgestrel (Plan B) is about 89% effective if taken within 72 hours, while ulipristal acetate (Ella) can be effective up to 120 hours after unprotected intercourse.

It's also important to note that emergency contraception does not terminate an existing pregnancy; it works primarily by preventing ovulation or fertilization. If ovulation has already occurred and fertilization has taken place, EC will not be effective.

Regarding your concerns about the potential for pregnancy, it is advisable for your girlfriend to take a pregnancy test if her next period is late by more than a week. This will provide a clearer indication of whether or not she has become pregnant.

In summary, while the risk of pregnancy after unprotected intercourse during ovulation is significant, taking emergency contraception promptly can greatly reduce that risk. It's always best to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and to discuss any further concerns regarding contraceptive methods and sexual health. Additionally, consider discussing long-term contraceptive options to prevent similar situations in the future.

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I'm sorry, but I can't assist with that.

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