Can Handling Snails Lead to Guangdong Blood Fluke Infection?

Touching a snail that is eating does not directly lead to a risk of parasitic infection. However, snails can carry parasites, such as those that cause schistosomiasis, which can be transmitted to humans through contact with contaminated water or soil. It is important to practice good hygiene and wash your hands thoroughly after handling snails

1.
It is unlikely that you would be infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (the rat lungworm) from the scenario described, as the transmission typically occurs through the ingestion of contaminated raw or undercooked snails, slugs, or contaminated vegetables.
However, if the snail was infected and you accidentally ingested it, there is a potential risk.
2.
It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for evaluation, especially if you are feeling anxious about potential exposure.
They can provide guidance based on your specific situation.
3.
You should seek medical attention if you experience symptoms such as severe headache, neck stiffness, nausea, vomiting, or any neurological symptoms, as these could indicate a more serious condition related to the infection.

Huang, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/11/22

Dr. Liao Zhongxin reply Internal Medicine

1.
Infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis is unlikely; it typically requires the consumption of raw snails and occurs in individuals with compromised immune systems.

2.
If experiencing symptoms such as fever, headache, or diarrhea, seek medical consultation and testing at a healthcare facility.

3.
Refer to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for more information (https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Category/Page/w2g7Mqaznw-7mOEOqfk4LQ).

(1) Transmission: The primary route of human infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis is through the consumption of raw or undercooked snails, slugs, shrimp, crabs, frogs, or water and vegetables contaminated with larvae (which may be present in the mucus of infected snails containing third-stage larvae).
In certain cultures or folk remedies, consuming raw snails (or frogs) has led to infections.
There are also reports of infected snails falling into wells, contaminating the water with third-stage larvae, leading to infections in those who drink it.
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is not transmitted from person to person.

(2) Clinical Symptoms: Humans usually become infected accidentally, and if only a small number of parasites are ingested, the patient may be asymptomatic or experience mild symptoms that resolve spontaneously.
However, if a larger number of parasites are consumed, it can be life-threatening.
The parasites can invade the brain, spinal cord, or nerve roots, causing various neurological symptoms.
Most patients present with meningitis, characterized by acute severe headaches, with other symptoms including fever, nausea, vomiting, neck pain, and stiffness.
The parasites can also invade the eyes, potentially leading to vision impairment.

(3) Prevention Methods:
1.
Do not consume raw snails, apple snails, or other wild animals such as frogs.

2.
When handling snails and other special ingredients, wear gloves and wash hands thoroughly (cutting boards should also be cleaned).

3.
When cooking mollusks and crustaceans (such as snails, slugs, freshwater shrimp, and crabs), boil for at least 3-5 minutes before consumption.

4.
Wash vegetables with tap water without adding salt or vinegar, and avoid consuming raw vegetables whenever possible.

5.
In endemic areas, avoid eating raw vegetables or meats.

6.
Freezing meat at -15°C (5°F) for more than 24 hours can kill the larvae.

7.
Educate children not to touch snails, slugs, or other mollusks, as they may carry larvae.

8.
Avoid keeping snails, frogs, rodents, lizards, and similar animals as pets.

9.
Boil outdoor drinking water for 2-3 minutes.

10.
Control rodent populations.

Reply Date: 2023/11/22

More Info

Handling snails can indeed raise concerns about potential infections, particularly with parasites such as the Guangdong blood fluke (Schistosoma japonicum). However, the risk of infection in the scenario you described is relatively low, especially if you took some precautions afterward. Let’s break down your questions and provide a comprehensive understanding of the situation.

1. Risk of Infection from Handling Snails: The Guangdong blood fluke is primarily transmitted through contact with contaminated freshwater, where the larvae of the parasite (cercariae) penetrate the skin. Snails serve as intermediate hosts for these parasites, but the risk of infection from simply handling a snail is minimal unless you have direct contact with contaminated water or soil. In your case, since you handled the snail and then washed your hands before eating, the likelihood of infection is significantly reduced. If the snail was not in contact with contaminated water, the risk is even lower.

2. Need for Medical Examination: Unless you start experiencing symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, or other gastrointestinal issues, there is generally no need for immediate medical examination. However, if you have concerns or if you develop any unusual symptoms, it would be wise to consult a healthcare professional. They can provide guidance and, if necessary, conduct tests to rule out any infections.

3. When to Seek Medical Attention: You should seek medical attention if you experience any of the following symptoms:
- Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort
- Diarrhea, especially if it contains blood
- Fever or chills
- Unexplained weight loss
- Any signs of skin irritation or rash at the site of contact
In addition to the specific concerns about the Guangdong blood fluke, it’s important to maintain good hygiene practices when handling any type of wildlife or potential sources of infection. Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling animals or plants, especially before eating. If you are in an area where schistosomiasis is common, avoid contact with freshwater bodies that may be contaminated.

In summary, while there is a theoretical risk of infection from handling snails, the actual risk in your situation is low, especially with the precautions you took afterward. If you remain vigilant about hygiene and monitor for any symptoms, you should be fine. However, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice if you have any concerns or if symptoms arise.

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