Who is the Biological Father? Paternity in Pregnancy - Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Who is the biological father of the child?


Hello, Doctor.
My last menstrual period was on September 25, 2023.
The day after my period ended, on the 30th, I had unprotected intercourse with a guy (once).
Until my ovulation period on October 10, I also had protected intercourse with another guy (once on October 5 and once on October 9).
During this time, I had unprotected intercourse with my boyfriend (5 times).
I would like to know who the biological father of the child might be.
My boyfriend had intercourse with me on October 1, October 6-8, and October 10-11.
I am also curious why I didn't get pregnant in the previous two months when my boyfriend and I were not using contraception (sometimes having ejaculation during ovulation).
Thank you for your response.
🙏🏻

Tong, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2024/01/18

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology


Hello, if you are pregnant, it is likely that there was a higher chance of not using contraception.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2024/01/18

More Info


Determining the biological father of a child can be a complex issue, especially when there are multiple sexual partners involved around the time of conception. In your case, you have provided a timeline of your menstrual cycle and sexual encounters, which is crucial for understanding the potential paternity of the child.

First, let’s break down the information you provided. Your last menstrual period (LMP) was on September 25, 2023. You had unprotected intercourse with one male partner on September 30, and then you had protected intercourse with another male partner on October 5 and October 9. You also mentioned that you had multiple unprotected sexual encounters with your boyfriend around the same time, specifically on October 1, October 6-8, and October 10-11.

To understand the potential paternity, we need to consider the timing of ovulation. Typically, ovulation occurs about 14 days before the start of your next menstrual period. Given your LMP of September 25, you would likely have ovulated around October 9, which is consistent with your sexual activity. The sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to five days, which means that intercourse occurring just before or on the day of ovulation has the highest chance of resulting in conception.

In your case, the unprotected intercourse on September 30 and the protected intercourse on October 5 and 9 are significant. However, since you had unprotected intercourse with your boyfriend on October 1, 6-8, and 10-11, it is also possible that conception could have occurred from those encounters as well.

Given the close timing of these sexual encounters, it may be challenging to definitively determine the biological father without further testing. The most reliable method to establish paternity is through genetic testing, such as a paternity test, which can be conducted after the child is born. This test compares the DNA of the child with that of the potential fathers to determine biological relationships.

As for your question about why you may not have conceived in the previous months despite unprotected intercourse, there are several factors that can influence fertility. These include variations in menstrual cycles, ovulation timing, sperm health, and overall reproductive health. It is not uncommon for couples to have unprotected intercourse without achieving pregnancy, especially if the timing does not align with ovulation.

In summary, while it is possible to make educated guesses about paternity based on the timing of sexual encounters and ovulation, the most definitive answer will come from a paternity test after the child is born. If you are feeling anxious about this situation, it may be helpful to speak with a healthcare provider or a counselor who can provide support and guidance as you navigate these complex emotions and decisions.

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