Could She Be Pregnant? Ovulation and Conception Risks

Are you pregnant?

Hello doctor, my girlfriend's last menstrual period was from December 6 to December 10, with an estimated ovulation date of December 21.
We had sexual intercourse on December 31 without using a condom, and he did not ejaculate inside her.
As of today, January 19, her period has not yet arrived.
Is it possible that she could be pregnant?

Xiao Xiang, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2024/01/19

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, the chances of pregnancy should be low, but you can take a pregnancy test to check.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2024/01/19

More Info

Based on the information provided, it is indeed possible for your girlfriend to be pregnant. To understand this better, let’s delve into the details of ovulation, conception, and the risks associated with unprotected intercourse.

Ovulation typically occurs about 14 days before the start of a woman’s next menstrual period. In your girlfriend's case, if her last menstrual period started on December 6 and lasted until December 10, her estimated ovulation date would be around December 21. Sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to five days, which means that if you had unprotected intercourse on December 31, sperm could still be viable when ovulation occurs.

Given that you mentioned there was some penetration without ejaculation inside, this still poses a risk for pregnancy. Pre-ejaculate fluid (pre-cum) can contain sperm, and even a small amount can lead to conception. Therefore, while the chances may be lower than with full ejaculation, there is still a possibility of pregnancy.

As for the missed period, it is important to note that stress, hormonal imbalances, and other factors can also cause a delay in menstruation. However, since it has been several weeks since her expected period, it would be advisable for her to take a home pregnancy test. These tests are generally reliable and can provide a quick answer regarding the possibility of pregnancy.

If the test is positive, it is recommended that she schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider for further evaluation and prenatal care. If the test is negative and her period still does not arrive, it may be wise to consult a healthcare professional to rule out any underlying issues.

In summary, while there is a possibility of pregnancy given the timing and nature of the intercourse, it is essential to confirm this with a pregnancy test. If she is pregnant, early prenatal care is crucial for the health of both the mother and the developing fetus. If she is not pregnant but continues to experience irregularities in her menstrual cycle, seeking medical advice would be beneficial to address any potential concerns.

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