Effectiveness of Emergency Contraceptive Pills After Unprotected Intercourse

The likelihood of pregnancy after unprotected intercourse during the ovulation period, followed by the use of emergency contraception, depends on several factors, including the timing of the intercourse relative to ovulation and how soon the emergency contraceptive pill is taken. Generally, emergency contraception is most effective when taken within 72 hours after unprotected sex, but it can be used up to 5

The last three menstrual periods were from November 4 to November 10, December 14 to December 20, and January 10 to January 16.
The estimated next period is from January 9 to January 14.
On January 23 at 1:00 AM, unprotected sexual intercourse occurred, with no ejaculation inside, but pre-ejaculate fluid may contain sperm and can survive for more than three days.
An app indicates that the ovulation period is expected on January 25.
If emergency contraception is purchased and taken on January 23 at 10:00 AM, what is the likelihood of successful contraception, and when should symptoms be monitored to determine if contraception was effective?

Lan Tang, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2024/01/23

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, I have responded to your inquiry.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2024/01/23

More Info

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse, and their effectiveness can vary based on several factors, including timing of administration relative to ovulation and the type of ECP used. In your case, you had unprotected intercourse on January 23, and you are considering taking ECPs shortly thereafter.

Based on the information provided, if you take the emergency contraceptive pill (such as levonorgestrel or ulipristal acetate) within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse, it can significantly reduce the risk of pregnancy. Levonorgestrel is most effective when taken as soon as possible after the unprotected intercourse, ideally within 24 hours. Ulipristal acetate can be effective up to 120 hours after intercourse but is also more effective the sooner it is taken.

Given that your app indicates that January 25 is your predicted ovulation date, taking the ECP on January 23 is a good decision. The sperm from the pre-ejaculate fluid can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to five days, so if ovulation occurs shortly after intercourse, there is a risk of fertilization. By taking the ECP, you are acting within the window that can prevent ovulation or fertilization, thus reducing the likelihood of pregnancy.

After taking the ECP, it is important to monitor your menstrual cycle. You should expect your next period to arrive around the time it is due. If your period is delayed by more than a week after the expected date, it is advisable to take a pregnancy test to confirm whether or not you are pregnant. Additionally, some women may experience side effects from ECPs, such as nausea, fatigue, or changes in their menstrual cycle, which can include earlier or later periods than usual.

In summary, taking the emergency contraceptive pill on January 23 after unprotected intercourse is a proactive step to prevent pregnancy, especially given the timing relative to your ovulation. Keep track of your menstrual cycle and any symptoms you may experience after taking the pill. If you have any concerns or if your period is significantly delayed, consult with a healthcare provider for further guidance.

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