Nipple Discharge: Causes and When to Seek Help - Breast and Thyroid

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Nipple discharge can be a concerning symptom for many individuals, and understanding its potential causes is crucial for determining when to seek medical help. In your case, experiencing nipple pain for over two weeks, along with the presence of a lump and transparent fluid discharge, warrants a thorough evaluation.

Nipple discharge can arise from various conditions, some benign and others that may require medical attention. Common causes include:
1. Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly estrogen and progesterone, can lead to nipple discharge. This is often seen during menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or breastfeeding.

2. Ductal Ectasia: This condition occurs when a milk duct beneath the nipple dilates, fills with fluid, and thickens. It can cause pain, discharge, and sometimes a lump.

3. Infections: Mastitis or other infections can lead to inflammation of the breast tissue, resulting in pain and discharge. This is more common in breastfeeding women but can occur in others as well.

4. Fibrocystic Changes: Many women experience fibrocystic breast changes, which can lead to lumps and discharge. These changes are usually benign but can cause discomfort.

5. Intrductal Papilloma: This is a small, benign tumor that forms in a milk duct and can cause discharge, often bloody or clear.

6. Breast Cancer: While less common, nipple discharge can be a sign of breast cancer, especially if it is unilateral (affecting one breast), spontaneous, and associated with other symptoms like a lump or changes in the breast's appearance.

Given your symptoms of persistent pain, a lump, and discharge, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly. A healthcare provider will likely perform a physical examination and may recommend imaging studies, such as a mammogram or ultrasound, to assess the underlying cause of your symptoms. In some cases, a ductogram or biopsy may be necessary to rule out more serious conditions.

In summary, while many causes of nipple discharge are benign, the combination of pain, a lump, and discharge in your case suggests that a medical evaluation is warranted. Early diagnosis and treatment can help address any underlying issues and provide peace of mind. If you notice any changes in the discharge (such as color or consistency), or if you experience additional symptoms like fever, redness, or swelling, seek medical attention immediately.