Pregnancy Risks After Unprotected Sex and Emergency Contraception - Obstetrics and Gynecology

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When it comes to understanding pregnancy risks after unprotected sex and the use of emergency contraception, several factors need to be considered. Based on the information provided, your girlfriend's menstrual cycle began on March 23, with an estimated ovulation date around April 7. You had unprotected intercourse on April 11, which is three days after her ovulation window.
The timing of intercourse in relation to ovulation is crucial in determining the likelihood of pregnancy. Sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to five days, so if intercourse occurs close to ovulation, the chances of sperm meeting an egg are higher. However, since you had intercourse three days after ovulation, the probability of pregnancy is significantly reduced.
You mentioned that your girlfriend took emergency contraception (EC) within six hours after intercourse. Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), such as Plan B or Ella, are designed to prevent ovulation, fertilization, or implantation of a fertilized egg. When taken within the recommended time frame (ideally within 72 hours, but some types can be effective up to 120 hours), ECPs can reduce the risk of pregnancy by up to 89% if taken before ovulation. Since you took the pill shortly after intercourse, it is likely to be effective in preventing pregnancy.

However, it is important to note that ECPs are not 100% effective. The failure rate can be around 1-3%, depending on various factors, including the timing of the pill in relation to the menstrual cycle and the individual's body response.
Regarding your question about whether having intercourse three days after ovulation reduces the risk of pregnancy, the answer is yes, it does lower the risk. Since ovulation typically occurs about 14 days before the next menstrual period, and the egg is viable for about 12-24 hours post-ovulation, the chances of conception decrease significantly after this window.

In summary, considering the timing of intercourse, the use of emergency contraception, and the natural fertility cycle, the likelihood of pregnancy in this scenario is relatively low. However, if your girlfriend's period is delayed beyond her expected date, it would be prudent for her to take a pregnancy test to confirm whether or not she is pregnant.
Additionally, it is essential to have open communication with your partner about contraceptive methods and to consider more reliable long-term birth control options if you are sexually active and wish to avoid unintended pregnancies in the future. Regular gynecological check-ups and discussions about reproductive health can also help in making informed decisions regarding contraception and overall sexual health.