Hepatitis B: Prevention, Transmission, and Care Tips

How to prevent and pay attention to hepatitis B?

Hello, Dr.
Chen!
1.
Is vertical transmission of Hepatitis B inevitable? (For example, if the mother is a carrier, should she be checked every six months?)
2.
If the husband also has Hepatitis B, can it be transmitted during intercourse?
3.
How can one interact with a person who has Hepatitis B without risking transmission?
4.
Should individuals without Hepatitis B also be checked every six months? What about children?
5.
Occasionally, I experience symptoms such as loss of appetite, dizziness, dry cough, and nausea, lasting for 2 to 3 years.
Thank you in advance!

Miss Wang, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2004/04/06

Dr. Chen Jianhong reply Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Hello, Miss Wang!
1.
It is not guaranteed that a mother with hepatitis B will transmit the virus to her offspring 100% of the time.

2.
Sexual activity is one of the transmission routes for hepatitis B, so it is advisable for partners to have surface antibodies against hepatitis B to avoid infection.
If the partner does not have surface antibodies, it is best to receive the hepatitis B vaccination.

3.
Everyday contact does not transmit the virus; hepatitis B is primarily transmitted through blood and bodily fluids (such as semen).

4.
Each hepatitis B patient's condition varies, and the follow-up duration will also differ; the physician will determine the appropriate follow-up based on the patient's condition.

5.
The symptoms described in the question may not necessarily be related to hepatitis B and could be indicative of other issues.
It is recommended to consult a hepatologist or a gastroenterologist for further evaluation.

Reply Date: 2004/04/06

More Info

Hepatitis B is a significant public health concern, and understanding its transmission, prevention, and care is crucial for both individuals and communities. Here’s a comprehensive overview addressing your questions and providing additional insights into Hepatitis B.

1. Vertical Transmission: Hepatitis B can indeed be transmitted vertically, meaning from mother to child during childbirth. If a mother is a carrier of the virus (HBV), there is a risk of transmission to the newborn, especially if the infant is not vaccinated at birth. It is recommended that mothers who are HBV carriers have their infants vaccinated within 12 hours of birth and receive the hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) to reduce the risk of infection. Regular monitoring of the mother’s HBV status is essential, and it is advisable for her to have follow-up checks every six months to assess liver function and viral load.

2. Transmission Between Partners: If both partners are infected with Hepatitis B, there is a potential for transmission during sexual activity. The virus is present in bodily fluids, including blood, semen, and vaginal secretions. Therefore, it is crucial for both partners to be aware of their HBV status. If one partner is a carrier and the other is not, using barrier methods such as condoms can help reduce the risk of transmission. Vaccination is also an effective preventive measure for the uninfected partner.

3. Living with an HBV Carrier: If you are living with someone who has Hepatitis B, it is important to take precautions to avoid transmission. This includes not sharing personal items that may have blood on them, such as razors or toothbrushes. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid sharing needles or any equipment used for injecting drugs. While Hepatitis B is not transmitted through casual contact, it is wise to maintain good hygiene practices. Regular screening for Hepatitis B for household members is also recommended, especially for those who may be at higher risk.

4. Screening for Non-Infected Individuals: For individuals who are not infected with Hepatitis B, routine screening is not typically necessary unless they are at high risk (e.g., healthcare workers, individuals with multiple sexual partners, or those who have a family history of HBV). However, it is advisable for children to receive the hepatitis B vaccine as part of their routine immunizations. If a child is born to a mother who is a carrier, they should be vaccinated and monitored closely.

5. Symptoms and Health Monitoring: The symptoms you describe, such as loss of appetite, dizziness, dry cough, and nausea, can be associated with various health issues, including liver problems. It is essential to consult a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation. Chronic Hepatitis B can lead to serious complications, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, so regular monitoring of liver function tests and viral load is crucial for those diagnosed with HBV.

In summary, Hepatitis B is a manageable condition with proper care and preventive measures. Vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent infection. Regular monitoring and open communication with healthcare providers can help manage the condition effectively. If you have further questions or concerns, do not hesitate to reach out to a healthcare professional for personalized advice and support.

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