Heart Conduction Block: Causes, Symptoms, and Risks - Cardiology

More Info

---

Heart conduction block, also known as heart block, refers to a delay or complete interruption in the electrical signals that control the heart's rhythm. This condition can affect the heart's ability to pump blood effectively and can lead to various symptoms and complications depending on the severity and type of block.


Causes of Heart Conduction Block
Heart conduction blocks can occur due to several reasons, including:
1. Age-related Degeneration: As people age, the electrical pathways in the heart can degenerate, leading to blocks.

2. Coronary Artery Disease: Reduced blood flow to the heart muscle can damage the electrical conduction system.

3. Heart Surgery: Surgical procedures on the heart can inadvertently affect the conduction pathways.

4. Inflammatory Diseases: Conditions like myocarditis or rheumatic fever can cause inflammation that disrupts conduction.

5. Medications: Certain medications, especially those that affect heart rate and rhythm, can lead to conduction blocks.

6. Electrolyte Imbalances: Abnormal levels of potassium, calcium, or magnesium can interfere with electrical conduction.


Symptoms of Heart Conduction Block
Symptoms can vary based on the severity of the block:
- Mild Cases: Some individuals may be asymptomatic and not even realize they have a conduction block.

- Moderate to Severe Cases: Symptoms may include:
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fatigue
- Palpitations or irregular heartbeats
- Syncope (fainting)
- Chest pain

Risks and Complications
The risks associated with heart conduction block depend on its type:
1. First-Degree Block: Generally benign and often does not require treatment.

2. Second-Degree Block (Type I and II): May cause symptoms and can progress to a more severe block. Type II is more concerning and may require a pacemaker.

3. Third-Degree Block (Complete Heart Block): This is a serious condition where the electrical signals do not reach the ventricles, leading to a significant risk of bradycardia (slow heart rate) and potential cardiac arrest. This often requires immediate medical intervention, such as the implantation of a pacemaker.


Diagnostic Tests
Given your symptoms of rapid heartbeat and fainting, further evaluation is warranted. The following tests may be recommended:
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): This is the primary test to diagnose heart block. It records the electrical activity of the heart and can show the type and severity of the block.

2. Holter Monitor: A portable ECG device worn for 24-48 hours to capture the heart's rhythm over time, especially during symptoms.

3. Echocardiogram: An ultrasound of the heart to assess its structure and function.

4. Exercise Stress Test: To evaluate how the heart responds to physical stress.

5. Electrophysiological Study: A more invasive test that can help determine the exact location and cause of the conduction block.


Conclusion
While heart conduction blocks can be concerning, the prognosis largely depends on the type and severity of the block. If you have been advised to undergo further testing, it is essential to follow through with those recommendations. Early diagnosis and management can significantly reduce the risk of complications. If you experience severe symptoms such as chest pain, severe dizziness, or fainting, seek immediate medical attention. Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and treatment options based on your specific condition.