Red Spot on Tongue: Causes and Concerns for Oral Health - Otolaryngology

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Red spots on the tongue can be concerning, especially when they appear suddenly or are accompanied by other symptoms. In your father's case, the presence of a red area on the tongue, particularly in the middle to back section, could be attributed to several factors.
Firstly, the red spot may indicate a condition known as glossitis, which is inflammation of the tongue. This can occur due to various reasons, including irritation from vigorous brushing, allergic reactions to certain foods or dental products, or even infections. Given that your father has a habit of chewing betel nut, this could also contribute to irritation or inflammation of the oral mucosa, leading to the appearance of red spots. Betel nut is known to cause changes in the oral cavity, including discoloration and potential lesions, which could explain the red area on his tongue.

The fact that your father experienced bleeding after brushing his tongue vigorously suggests that the tissue may have been sensitive or inflamed. Over-brushing can lead to trauma to the delicate mucosal lining of the tongue, resulting in bleeding. It's essential to be gentle when cleaning the tongue to avoid such injuries.
The sensation of a "slightly dry and numb" feeling in the tongue could be related to several factors. It might be a result of irritation from the red spot itself, or it could be due to dehydration or a side effect of medications if he is taking any. Additionally, certain nutritional deficiencies, particularly in B vitamins, can lead to changes in the tongue's texture and sensation.
In terms of management, here are some recommendations:
1. Gentle Oral Hygiene: Advise your father to brush his tongue gently with a soft toothbrush or a tongue scraper. Avoid using excessive force, as this can exacerbate irritation.

2. Hydration: Ensure he stays well-hydrated. Drinking plenty of water can help maintain moisture in the oral cavity and may alleviate some of the discomfort.

3. Dietary Considerations: If he continues to consume betel nut, it may be beneficial to reduce or eliminate this habit, as it can lead to oral health issues over time. Additionally, a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals can support oral health.

4. Avoid Irritants: Encourage him to avoid spicy, acidic, or abrasive foods that may further irritate the tongue.

5. Observation: Monitor the red spot for any changes in size, color, or associated symptoms such as pain or swelling. If it persists for more than two weeks or worsens, it would be prudent for him to see a healthcare professional, preferably an oral health specialist.

6. Consultation: If your father is hesitant to visit a doctor, perhaps you could accompany him to provide support. A professional evaluation can help rule out any serious conditions and provide peace of mind.

In summary, while the red spot on your father's tongue may not be a cause for immediate alarm, it is essential to approach it with care. Gentle oral hygiene practices, hydration, and dietary adjustments can significantly improve his oral health. If symptoms persist or worsen, seeking professional advice is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.