Prolonged Menstrual Bleeding: Causes and Concerns - Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Prolonged menstrual bleeding, also known as menorrhagia, can be a concerning symptom for many women. It is defined as menstrual bleeding that lasts longer than seven days or is excessively heavy. In your case, experiencing two weeks of continuous bleeding is certainly outside the norm and warrants further investigation.

There are several potential causes for prolonged menstrual bleeding. Some of the most common include:
1. Hormonal Imbalances: Fluctuations in hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, can lead to irregularities in your menstrual cycle. Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disorders can contribute to these imbalances.

2. Uterine Fibroids: These are non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause heavy and prolonged bleeding. While they are common, not all women with fibroids experience symptoms. However, if you have a family history of fibroids or have experienced significant changes in your menstrual cycle, this could be a possibility.

3. Endometrial Hyperplasia: This condition involves the thickening of the uterine lining, which can lead to heavy bleeding. It is often related to prolonged exposure to estrogen without sufficient progesterone.

4. Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): If you use an IUD for contraception, particularly non-hormonal types, they can sometimes cause heavier bleeding or prolonged periods.

5. Infections: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or other infections of the reproductive organs can lead to abnormal bleeding. If you have other symptoms such as fever, unusual discharge, or pelvic pain, this could be a concern.

6. Coagulation Disorders: Conditions that affect blood clotting, such as von Willebrand disease or other bleeding disorders, can lead to prolonged menstrual bleeding.

7. Other Medical Conditions: Conditions like endometriosis or adenomyosis can also contribute to heavy menstrual bleeding.

Regarding your question about whether your recent cold and cough could be related to your prolonged bleeding, it is unlikely. While systemic illnesses can sometimes affect menstrual cycles, a respiratory illness like a cold typically does not have a direct impact on menstrual bleeding.

If you decide to see a doctor, it is essential to prepare a list of questions and information to discuss. Here are some suggestions:
- Duration and Characteristics of Bleeding: Describe how long the bleeding has lasted, the heaviness (e.g., how many pads or tampons you use), and any associated symptoms (like pain, clots, or changes in color).


- Menstrual History: Provide information about your menstrual cycle regularity, any previous changes, and any history of heavy bleeding.

- Family History: Mention any family history of menstrual disorders, fibroids, or bleeding disorders.

- Other Symptoms: Discuss any other symptoms you may be experiencing, such as fatigue, weight changes, or pelvic pain.

- Concerns About Conditions: Ask specifically about the possibility of uterine fibroids or other conditions you may have heard about.

- Next Steps: Inquire about what tests may be necessary (like blood tests, ultrasounds, or pelvic exams) and what treatment options are available based on the findings.

In conclusion, while prolonged menstrual bleeding can be caused by various factors, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and address any underlying conditions effectively.