Causes of Breast Pain: When to Seek Medical Advice - Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Breast pain, also known as mastalgia, is a common concern among women and can arise from various causes. Understanding the potential reasons for breast pain and knowing when to seek medical advice is crucial for proper management and peace of mind.


Causes of Breast Pain
1. Hormonal Changes: One of the most common causes of breast pain is hormonal fluctuations, particularly related to the menstrual cycle. Many women experience breast tenderness or pain in the days leading up to their period due to increased levels of estrogen and progesterone. This type of pain is often cyclical and resolves with menstruation.

2. Fibrocystic Changes: Fibrocystic breast changes are benign conditions characterized by lumpy, painful breasts. These changes can be influenced by hormonal levels and often lead to discomfort, especially before menstruation.

3. Infections or Inflammation: Conditions such as mastitis (an infection of breast tissue) can cause localized pain, swelling, and redness. Although more common in breastfeeding women, mastitis can occur in non-lactating women as well.

4. Trauma or Injury: Any trauma to the breast, whether from an accident or vigorous exercise, can lead to pain. It’s essential to consider recent activities that may have caused injury.

5. Cysts or Tumors: While most breast lumps are benign, any new or persistent lump should be evaluated by a healthcare provider. Cysts can cause localized pain, and although breast cancer is less commonly associated with pain, it is still a possibility that should be ruled out.

6. Musculoskeletal Issues: Sometimes, pain in the breast area can be referred pain from the chest wall, ribs, or muscles. Conditions such as costochondritis or muscle strain can mimic breast pain.

7. Psychological Factors: Stress and anxiety can also manifest as physical symptoms, including breast pain.

When to Seek Medical Advice
Given your symptoms of persistent left breast and axillary pain, along with occasional pain in the right breast for over two months, it is advisable to seek medical attention. Here are some guidelines on when to consult a healthcare provider:
- Duration: If breast pain persists for more than a few weeks, especially if it is not related to your menstrual cycle, it warrants further evaluation.

- Severity: If the pain is severe, worsening, or associated with other symptoms like swelling, redness, or discharge from the nipple, you should seek medical advice promptly.

- Changes in Breast Tissue: Any new lumps, changes in breast shape, or skin changes should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

- Impact on Daily Life: If the pain interferes with your daily activities or quality of life, it’s important to consult a doctor.


Which Specialist to Consult
For breast pain, the best initial point of contact is a primary care physician or a gynecologist. They can perform a thorough evaluation, including a physical examination and possibly imaging studies like a mammogram or ultrasound if necessary. If there are concerns about specific conditions, they may refer you to a breast specialist or a surgeon for further assessment.

In summary, breast pain can arise from various benign causes, but persistent or severe pain should not be ignored. Seeking medical advice is essential for proper diagnosis and management. Remember, early intervention can lead to better outcomes and peace of mind.