Burning Sensation Under the Tongue: Causes and Solutions - Family Medicine

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Burning sensation under the tongue can be a perplexing and uncomfortable experience. This sensation, often described as a burning or tingling feeling, can be attributed to various causes, ranging from benign to more serious conditions. Understanding these causes and potential solutions is essential for effective management.


Causes of Burning Sensation Under the Tongue
1. Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): One of the most common reasons for a burning sensation under the tongue is dry mouth, which can occur due to dehydration, certain medications (like antihistamines or antidepressants), or medical conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome. Saliva plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health, and its absence can lead to discomfort.

2. Allergic Reactions: Allergies to certain foods, dental products, or medications can cause localized burning sensations. If you have recently introduced a new food or product, consider whether it could be the culprit.

3. Oral Thrush: This fungal infection, caused by an overgrowth of Candida yeast, can lead to a burning sensation, especially if it affects the mucous membranes of the mouth. Symptoms may also include white patches on the tongue or inside the cheeks.

4. Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in vitamins, particularly B vitamins (like B12, B6, and folate), can lead to oral symptoms, including burning sensations. A well-balanced diet is crucial for maintaining oral health.

5. Oral Lichen Planus: This inflammatory condition can cause white patches and burning sensations in the mouth. It is often chronic and may require medical intervention.

6. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, particularly during menopause, can lead to changes in oral mucosa and sensations, including burning.

7. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Acid reflux can irritate the throat and mouth, leading to a burning sensation. If you experience heartburn or regurgitation alongside the burning sensation, GERD may be a contributing factor.

8. Anxiety and Stress: Psychological factors can manifest physically, including sensations in the mouth. Stress and anxiety can lead to habits such as teeth grinding, which may exacerbate discomfort.


Solutions and Management
1. Hydration: Ensure you are drinking enough water throughout the day to combat dry mouth. Consider using a humidifier at night if dry air is a concern.

2. Saliva Substitutes: Over-the-counter saliva substitutes can help alleviate dryness and discomfort. These products can provide temporary relief.

3. Dietary Adjustments: If you suspect a food allergy, try to identify and eliminate the offending food from your diet. Additionally, ensure you are consuming a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals.

4. Oral Hygiene: Maintain good oral hygiene by brushing and flossing regularly. Consider using alcohol-free mouthwashes, as alcohol can exacerbate dryness.

5. Consult a Healthcare Professional: If the burning sensation persists or is accompanied by other symptoms (such as swelling, difficulty swallowing, or changes in taste), it is essential to consult a healthcare provider. They may perform tests to determine the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment.

6. Manage Stress: If anxiety or stress is a contributing factor, consider stress-reduction techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, or therapy.

7. Medication Review: If you suspect that your medications may be causing dry mouth or burning sensations, discuss this with your healthcare provider. They may adjust your medications or suggest alternatives.

In conclusion, while a burning sensation under the tongue can be distressing, understanding its potential causes can guide you toward effective solutions. If symptoms persist or worsen, seeking medical advice is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.