How to Treat Ingrown Toenails: Relief for Pain and Swelling - Dermatology

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Ingrown toenails, also known as onychocryptosis, occur when the edge of a toenail grows into the surrounding skin, leading to pain, swelling, and sometimes infection. This condition is most commonly seen in the big toe and can be quite uncomfortable. Here’s how to treat ingrown toenails and relieve pain and swelling.


Initial Home Care
1. Soak Your Foot: Begin by soaking your foot in warm, soapy water for about 15-20 minutes, three to four times a day. This helps reduce swelling and relieves pain. Adding Epsom salt can further help reduce inflammation.

2. Use Antibiotic Ointment: After soaking, gently dry the area and apply an over-the-counter antibiotic ointment (like Neosporin) to prevent infection. Cover it with a clean bandage.

3. Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) can help manage pain and reduce inflammation. Follow the dosage instructions on the package.

4. Wear Comfortable Footwear: Avoid tight shoes or high heels that can exacerbate the problem. Opt for open-toed shoes or sandals that allow your toes to breathe and reduce pressure on the affected area.

5. Avoid Cutting the Nail: Do not attempt to cut the ingrown portion of the nail yourself, as this can worsen the condition or lead to infection.


When to See a Doctor
If home treatments do not improve the condition within a few days, or if you notice increased redness, swelling, or pus, it’s important to seek medical attention. A healthcare professional may perform the following:
1. Partial Nail Removal: In more severe cases, a doctor may need to remove the ingrown portion of the nail. This is typically done under local anesthesia and can provide immediate relief.

2. Antibiotics: If there is an infection, your doctor may prescribe oral antibiotics to help clear it up.

3. Nail Surgery: For recurrent ingrown toenails, a doctor may recommend a procedure to permanently remove the nail or part of the nail matrix to prevent it from growing back into the skin.


Prevention Tips
To prevent ingrown toenails from recurring, consider the following tips:
- Proper Nail Trimming: Cut your toenails straight across and avoid rounding the corners. This helps prevent the nail from growing into the skin.

- Choose the Right Footwear: Wear shoes that fit properly and provide enough room for your toes. Avoid shoes that are too tight or narrow.

- Maintain Foot Hygiene: Keep your feet clean and dry. Regularly inspect your toenails and feet for any signs of problems.

- Moisturize: Keep the skin around your toenails moisturized to prevent dryness and cracking, which can lead to ingrown nails.


Conclusion
Ingrown toenails can be painful and frustrating, but with proper care and attention, they can often be managed effectively at home. If symptoms persist or worsen, do not hesitate to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment. Remember, maintaining proper nail care and choosing appropriate footwear are key to preventing future occurrences.