Blood in Stool: Causes and When to Seek Help - Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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When it comes to noticing blood in your stool, it's essential to understand that this symptom can arise from various causes, some of which may require immediate medical attention. The presence of bright red blood, especially if it appears on toilet paper after wiping, often suggests that the source of the bleeding is in the lower gastrointestinal tract, such as the rectum or anus. Common causes include hemorrhoids, anal fissures, or even more serious conditions like diverticular disease or colorectal cancer.


Common Causes of Blood in Stool:
1. Hemorrhoids: Swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus can cause bright red blood during bowel movements. This is often accompanied by itching or discomfort.

2. Anal Fissures: Small tears in the lining of the anus can occur due to passing hard stools, leading to pain and bleeding.

3. Diverticular Disease: This condition involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, which can become inflamed or infected, leading to bleeding.

4. Colorectal Polyps: These are growths on the lining of the colon or rectum that can bleed. While most polyps are benign, some can develop into cancer over time.

5. Colorectal Cancer: Blood in the stool can be a sign of colorectal cancer, especially if accompanied by other symptoms like changes in bowel habits, weight loss, or abdominal pain.


When to Seek Medical Help:
Given your description of experiencing bright red blood after wiping, along with a sensation of itchiness or discomfort, it would be prudent to consult a healthcare professional. While hemorrhoids or anal fissures are common and often not serious, they can still require treatment to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.
You should seek medical attention if you experience any of the following:
- Persistent Bleeding: If the bleeding continues over several days or worsens.

- Increased Pain: If you experience significant pain or discomfort.

- Changes in Bowel Habits: Such as diarrhea or constipation that lasts more than a few days.

- Other Symptoms: Such as weight loss, fatigue, or changes in appetite.


Diagnostic Steps:
A healthcare provider will likely perform a physical examination and may recommend further tests, such as:
- Digital Rectal Exam: To check for hemorrhoids or fissures.

- Colonoscopy: A procedure that allows the doctor to view the inside of the colon and rectum, which can help identify polyps, tumors, or other abnormalities.

- Blood Tests: To check for anemia or other underlying conditions.


Conclusion:
While the presence of blood in your stool can be alarming, many causes are treatable and not life-threatening. However, it is crucial to address any concerns with a healthcare professional to rule out serious conditions and receive appropriate care. Remember, early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes, especially in cases of colorectal cancer or other serious gastrointestinal issues.