Pregnancy Risks with IUDs: When to See a Doctor

The probability of becoming pregnant while using an intrauterine device (IUD) is very low, typically less than 1%?

I have had an intrauterine device (IUD) for over two years.
My last menstrual period was from August 13, and since then, I have been experiencing breast tenderness and nausea, similar to what I felt when I was pregnant with my first daughter.
However, I took a pregnancy test, and it showed negative results.
Could you please tell me what the likelihood of an ectopic pregnancy is? How long should I wait before seeing a doctor? Thank you!

Xiao Qing, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2001/09/13

Dr. Wu Zongcheng reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

The failure rate of an intrauterine device (IUD) is approximately 2%.
If your period does not arrive, it is important to be cautious.
The chance of an ectopic pregnancy may increase, but the likelihood is still low.
Given your situation, it is advisable to visit a gynecologist for a detailed examination in a week.
Everything can be checked, so there is no need to worry excessively.

Reply Date: 2001/09/13

More Info

When it comes to understanding pregnancy risks associated with intrauterine devices (IUDs), it's essential to recognize that while IUDs are highly effective forms of contraception, they are not infallible. The likelihood of becoming pregnant while using an IUD is low, but it is not zero. The risk of ectopic pregnancy, which occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, is a concern that can arise if pregnancy does occur with an IUD in place.

In your case, you mentioned experiencing breast tenderness and nausea, which can be early signs of pregnancy. However, you also indicated that home pregnancy tests have returned negative results. It's important to note that home pregnancy tests are generally reliable, but they can sometimes yield false negatives, especially if taken too early. If you suspect you might be pregnant despite negative tests, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider for further evaluation.

The risk of ectopic pregnancy in women using IUDs is higher than in those not using any contraception, but it remains relatively low overall. If you were to become pregnant with an IUD, the risk of ectopic pregnancy is estimated to be around 1 in 100 pregnancies. Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy can include severe abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and shoulder pain, which may indicate internal bleeding. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately.

Given your symptoms of breast tenderness and nausea, it would be prudent to schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider. Even if the pregnancy tests are negative, your symptoms warrant further investigation to rule out any potential issues, including the possibility of an ectopic pregnancy or other gynecological concerns. It is generally recommended to see a doctor if you have persistent symptoms that do not resolve or if you have any concerns about your health.

In summary, while the risk of pregnancy with an IUD is low, it is not nonexistent, and the risk of ectopic pregnancy is a valid concern. If you continue to experience symptoms or have any doubts about your pregnancy status, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation. They may perform a pelvic exam, ultrasound, or blood tests to determine your pregnancy status and ensure your health and safety. Early intervention is key in managing any potential complications, so do not hesitate to reach out to your doctor.

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