Persistent Bad Breath: Tongue Odor and Seeking Solutions - Dentistry

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Halitosis, altered taste sensation?


I have had bad breath since I was young, and the problem still hasn't been resolved.
I have seen specialists in otolaryngology, dentistry, gastroenterology, and traditional Chinese medicine, all of whom said there was no issue.
However, since I haven't undergone any instrumental examinations, I am unsure if there is truly no problem.
Additionally, I have noticed that the odor seems to be coming from my tongue.
I read online that there can be bacteria present on the tongue; could I have harmful bacteria attached? Where should I go for an examination? I kindly request your advice!

Xiao Ru, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2007/01/15

Dr. Zeng Guanghui reply Dentistry


The causes of halitosis can be systemic or localized.
Systemic factors include gastrointestinal issues (such as gastroesophageal reflux), upper respiratory infections, diabetes, and xerostomia caused by autoimmune diseases that impair salivary gland function.
Localized factors are often due to inadequate oral hygiene, periodontal disease, or dental caries, where pathogenic bacteria in the mouth ferment food residues to produce nitrogen compounds (N2) or sulfur compounds (SO2), leading to unpleasant odors.
Additionally, if there is a coating on the tongue, it can harbor bacteria that contribute to oral malodor.
It is recommended to consult a dentist for further evaluation.

Reply Date: 2007/01/15

More Info


Persistent bad breath, or halitosis, can be a frustrating and embarrassing condition that affects many individuals. It is often caused by a variety of factors, including oral hygiene, dietary choices, and underlying health issues. Given your history of seeking help from various specialists without finding a solution, it’s understandable that you are looking for a more definitive answer.

One common source of bad breath is the presence of bacteria on the tongue, particularly in the posterior region where it is less accessible during regular brushing. These bacteria can produce volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), which are primarily responsible for the foul odor. A coated tongue, often seen in individuals with poor oral hygiene, dry mouth, or certain dietary habits, can exacerbate this issue.
To address your concerns, here are several steps you can take:
1. Oral Hygiene: Ensure that you are maintaining a rigorous oral hygiene routine. This includes brushing your teeth at least twice a day, flossing daily, and using an antibacterial mouthwash. Additionally, it is crucial to clean your tongue regularly. You can use a tongue scraper or the back of your toothbrush to gently remove the coating on your tongue.

2. Hydration: A dry mouth can contribute to bad breath. Ensure you are drinking enough water throughout the day. Saliva plays a vital role in washing away food particles and bacteria, so staying hydrated can help mitigate bad breath.

3. Dietary Considerations: Certain foods, such as garlic and onions, can contribute to bad breath. Additionally, high-sugar diets can promote bacterial growth in the mouth. Consider reducing your intake of these foods and increasing your consumption of crunchy fruits and vegetables, which can help clean your teeth naturally.

4. Regular Dental Visits: Since you have already seen various specialists, it may be beneficial to return to your dentist for a thorough cleaning and examination. They can check for any underlying dental issues, such as gum disease or cavities, that may be contributing to your bad breath.

5. Medical Evaluation: If your bad breath persists despite good oral hygiene and dietary changes, it may be worth consulting with a physician who specializes in gastroenterology. Conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or other gastrointestinal issues can sometimes manifest as bad breath.

6. Bacterial Testing: You mentioned concerns about bacteria on your tongue. Some dental offices offer tests to identify specific bacteria that may be contributing to bad breath. This could provide insight into whether you have an overgrowth of harmful bacteria.

7. Consideration of Systemic Conditions: In some cases, persistent bad breath can be a sign of systemic health issues, such as diabetes or kidney disease. If you have other symptoms or risk factors, it may be worthwhile to discuss these with your healthcare provider.

In summary, while bad breath can be a complex issue with multiple contributing factors, a combination of good oral hygiene, dietary adjustments, and regular medical evaluations can help you find a solution. If you continue to experience issues, consider seeking a referral to a specialist in oral medicine or a periodontist who can provide further insights into your condition. Remember, addressing bad breath often requires a multifaceted approach, and persistence is key in finding the right solution.

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