Testicular Pain: Causes and Diagnostic Procedures

Testis

What are the causes of testicular pain? If I need to come to your hospital for an examination, what kind of tests will be performed?

Xiao Bai, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2007/05/17

Dr. Lin Wenxu reply Urology

Thank you for your question.
I would like to address your concerns and offer some suggestions:
1.
There are many potential causes of testicular pain, such as testicular torsion and varicocele, among others.
In some cases, the exact cause may not be identifiable.

2.
A general examination typically involves observation and physical examination, and an ultrasound of the testicles may also be recommended for further evaluation.

Reply Date: 2007/05/17

More Info

Testicular pain can arise from a variety of causes, and understanding these can help in determining the appropriate diagnostic procedures. The most common causes of testicular pain include:
1. Epididymitis: This is an inflammation of the epididymis, often caused by infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia and gonorrhea. Symptoms typically include swelling, redness, and pain in the affected testicle.

2. Orchitis: This is an inflammation of one or both testicles, which can also be due to viral infections (such as mumps) or bacterial infections. Symptoms may include swelling, tenderness, and fever.

3. Testicular torsion: This is a medical emergency where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off blood supply to the testicle. Symptoms include sudden, severe pain, swelling, and nausea. Immediate medical attention is required to prevent permanent damage.

4. Inguinal hernia: This occurs when tissue, such as part of the intestine, protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles. It can cause pain in the groin and testicular area, especially when lifting or straining.

5. Trauma or injury: Any direct injury to the testicles can cause significant pain and swelling.

6. Tumors or testicular cancer: Although less common, tumors can cause pain and discomfort in the testicular area. It is essential to monitor for any lumps or changes in size.

7. Referred pain: Sometimes, pain in the testicles can be referred from other areas, such as the lower back or abdomen.

When you visit a medical facility for evaluation of testicular pain, the diagnostic process typically involves several steps:
1. Medical History: The physician will ask about your symptoms, duration of pain, any associated symptoms (such as fever, nausea, or urinary issues), and any recent activities or injuries.

2. Physical Examination: A thorough examination of the testicles and surrounding areas will be conducted. The doctor will check for swelling, tenderness, and any abnormalities.

3. Ultrasound: This is a non-invasive imaging test that uses sound waves to create images of the testicles and surrounding structures. It can help identify conditions like epididymitis, testicular torsion, or tumors.

4. Urinalysis: A urine sample may be tested to check for signs of infection or other abnormalities.

5. Blood Tests: These may be performed to check for infections or other underlying conditions.

6. Additional Imaging: In some cases, further imaging studies, such as a CT scan, may be necessary to evaluate for hernias or other abdominal issues.

If you are experiencing testicular pain, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly, especially if the pain is severe or sudden, as conditions like testicular torsion require immediate intervention to prevent complications. Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to better outcomes and help alleviate discomfort.

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