Concussions: Symptoms, Treatment, and Long-Term Effects

Concussion

Hello Doctor: On May 22, I was hit in the head by a basketball.
At the moment of impact, I felt very dizzy and in pain.
I immediately applied ice, and there was no visible swelling.
However, an hour after the incident, I continued to experience dizziness and headaches.
Initially, the pain was localized to the area that was struck, but later it radiated throughout my entire head.
I began to feel nauseous, experienced eye pain, and had facial numbness.

On May 23, the symptoms persisted, and I felt more drowsy.
I also started to see shadows in my vision.
Due to these reasons, I had to visit a nearby surgical clinic.
The doctor initially assessed it as a concussion but advised observation.

On May 24, the symptoms slightly improved, but I experienced vomiting, and the eye pain did not get better.
However, the dizziness and headache symptoms were less frequent (I wonder if this improvement is due to the pain and anti-nausea medication prescribed by the surgeon?).
I feel like my memory has deteriorated a bit, especially my short-term memory.

On May 25, without taking medication, the symptoms were not constant; sometimes I would suddenly feel very dizzy and in pain, but resting would help.
The eye pain has not improved at all.

Doctor, given my current condition, should I seek treatment from a specialist in neurology? Is the eye pain related to elevated intraocular pressure? Will there be any long-term consequences? Thank you!

little girl, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2007/05/25

Dr. Ye Boshou reply Neurology

In the acute phase of head trauma, which typically occurs within the first 72 hours after the injury, if symptoms such as severe headache, persistent vomiting, limb weakness, unilateral paralysis, or slurred speech occur, medical attention should be sought immediately.
If symptoms persist, they should be addressed, and follow-up examinations in an outpatient setting are recommended.

Reply Date: 2007/05/25

More Info

Concussions are a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can occur after a blow to the head, as you've experienced during your basketball game. Understanding the symptoms, treatment, and potential long-term effects of concussions is crucial for recovery and overall health.

Symptoms of Concussions
The symptoms of a concussion can vary widely and may not appear immediately after the injury. Common symptoms include:
1. Headache: This is often the most reported symptom, which can range from mild to severe.

2. Dizziness and Balance Issues: Feeling lightheaded or having trouble maintaining balance is common.

3. Nausea and Vomiting: As you've noted, feelings of nausea can accompany a concussion.

4. Cognitive Difficulties: Issues with memory, concentration, and confusion are frequent, particularly with short-term memory.

5. Sensitivity to Light and Noise: Many individuals report discomfort in bright lights or loud environments.

6. Fatigue and Sleep Disturbances: Increased sleepiness or difficulty sleeping can occur.

7. Visual Disturbances: Symptoms such as blurred vision or seeing "black spots" can happen, which may relate to your experience of eye pain.

Treatment for Concussions
The primary treatment for a concussion is rest. This includes both physical and cognitive rest. Here are some recommended steps:
1. Physical Rest: Avoid activities that require physical exertion, including sports and heavy exercise, until cleared by a healthcare professional.

2. Cognitive Rest: Limit activities that require concentration, such as reading, using a computer, or playing video games.

3. Hydration and Nutrition: Ensure you are well-hydrated and eating a balanced diet to support recovery.

4. Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers may be used, but it's essential to consult with a healthcare provider before taking any medication, especially if you have ongoing symptoms.

Long-Term Effects and Follow-Up Care
While many individuals recover fully from a concussion, some may experience prolonged symptoms, known as post-concussion syndrome. This can include persistent headaches, dizziness, cognitive difficulties, and emotional changes.
Given your symptoms, particularly the ongoing eye pain and cognitive issues, it would be prudent to seek a consultation with a neurologist. They can perform a thorough evaluation, which may include imaging studies like a CT scan or MRI, to rule out any more serious brain injuries or complications.

Eye Pain and Potential Concerns
The eye pain you are experiencing could be related to increased intracranial pressure or other factors stemming from the concussion. It is essential to address this symptom with a medical professional, as they can assess whether it is a result of the concussion or if there is another underlying issue that needs attention.

Conclusion
In summary, concussions require careful monitoring and management. Your symptoms, particularly the persistent headache, dizziness, and eye pain, warrant further evaluation by a specialist. Early intervention can help prevent long-term complications and ensure a smoother recovery. Always prioritize rest and follow up with healthcare providers to tailor a recovery plan that suits your needs. If you have any concerns about your symptoms or recovery process, do not hesitate to reach out for professional medical advice.

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