Epidermoid Cysts on the Testicles: Causes and Treatment - Urology

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Epidermoid cysts, often referred to as sebaceous cysts, are common benign growths that can occur on various parts of the body, including the testicles. These cysts are typically small, round lumps that form under the skin and are filled with a thick, yellowish substance called keratin. They are often mistaken for other skin conditions, such as acne or folliculitis (inflammation of hair follicles), but they have distinct characteristics and causes.


Causes of Epidermoid Cysts
Epidermoid cysts are primarily caused by the proliferation of epidermal cells, which can occur due to several factors:
1. Blocked Hair Follicles: When hair follicles become clogged with dead skin cells and oils, it can lead to the formation of a cyst.

2. Skin Trauma: Injuries or irritation to the skin can trigger cyst formation.

3. Genetic Factors: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to developing these cysts.

4. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, particularly during puberty, can increase the likelihood of cyst formation.


Symptoms and Diagnosis
Epidermoid cysts are usually painless and may not cause any symptoms unless they become infected or inflamed. They typically present as small, firm lumps under the skin, and in the case of testicular cysts, they may feel like a small bump on the surface of the testicle. The fact that your cyst is not painful or itchy is a good sign, as it suggests that it is likely benign.

To diagnose an epidermoid cyst, a healthcare provider may perform a physical examination. In some cases, imaging tests like ultrasound may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions, such as testicular tumors.


Treatment Options
In many cases, epidermoid cysts do not require treatment, especially if they are asymptomatic and not causing any discomfort. However, if the cyst becomes painful, infected, or bothersome, treatment options may include:
1. Observation: If the cyst is not causing any issues, it may simply be monitored over time.

2. Incision and Drainage: If the cyst becomes inflamed or infected, a healthcare provider may perform a minor surgical procedure to drain the contents.

3. Excision: For persistent or bothersome cysts, complete surgical removal may be recommended. This is the most definitive treatment, as it reduces the chance of recurrence.


Will It Go Away on Its Own?
Epidermoid cysts can sometimes shrink or resolve on their own, but this is not guaranteed. Many cysts remain stable in size or may even grow slowly over time. If your cyst has only decreased slightly in size and remains unchanged otherwise, it may not disappear completely without intervention.


When to Seek Medical Attention
While epidermoid cysts are generally harmless, it is important to consult a healthcare provider if you notice any of the following:
- Rapid growth of the cyst
- Changes in color or texture
- Pain, redness, or swelling around the cyst
- Any discharge from the cyst
In conclusion, while your epidermoid cyst on the testicle is likely benign and may not require treatment, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalized advice. They can provide reassurance and discuss the best course of action based on your specific situation.