What to Do If Your Liver Enzymes Are Elevated: A Guide for Families - Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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Elevated liver enzymes, such as GOT (AST), GPT (ALT), and GGT, can be concerning and often indicate underlying liver issues. In your mother's case, with GOT at 57, GPT at 62, and GGT at 72, these values are indeed above the normal range, which typically is around 10-40 U/L for AST and ALT, and 9-48 U/L for GGT, depending on the laboratory standards. It’s understandable that your mother is feeling distressed about these results, and it’s important to approach this situation with care and a clear plan.


Understanding Elevated Liver Enzymes
1. Causes of Elevated Liver Enzymes: Elevated liver enzymes can result from a variety of conditions, including:
- Fatty Liver Disease: Often associated with obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol.

- Hepatitis: Viral infections (like Hepatitis A, B, C) can cause inflammation of the liver.

- Alcohol Use: Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic liver disease.

- Medications: Certain medications can cause liver damage.

- Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like autoimmune hepatitis can affect liver function.

- Other Conditions: Conditions such as hemochromatosis or Wilson's disease can also elevate liver enzymes.

2. Symptoms to Watch For: Besides elevated liver enzymes, it’s essential to monitor for symptoms such as:
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Abdominal pain or swelling
- Fatigue
- Dark urine or pale stools
- Nausea or vomiting

Next Steps for Your Mother
1. Consult a Healthcare Provider: It’s crucial for your mother to follow up with her healthcare provider. They can interpret the liver enzyme levels in the context of her overall health, medical history, and any symptoms she may be experiencing. A healthcare provider may recommend:
- Further Testing: This could include imaging studies (like an ultrasound) or additional blood tests to assess liver function and check for viral hepatitis.

- Liver Function Tests: These tests can provide more information about how well the liver is working.

- Referral to a Specialist: If necessary, a referral to a hepatologist (liver specialist) may be warranted.

2. Lifestyle Modifications: Depending on the underlying cause, certain lifestyle changes can help improve liver health:
- Diet: Encourage a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Reducing saturated fats and sugars can also be beneficial.

- Hydration: Ensure she stays well-hydrated.

- Limit Alcohol: If she consumes alcohol, it may be advisable to limit or eliminate it entirely.

- Regular Exercise: Physical activity can help maintain a healthy weight and improve overall health.

3. Medication Review: If your mother is taking any medications, it’s important to review them with her healthcare provider, as some medications can elevate liver enzymes.

4. Emotional Support: Elevated liver enzymes can be stressful, and it’s important to provide emotional support to your mother. Encourage her to express her feelings and reassure her that with the right medical guidance, many liver issues can be managed effectively.


Conclusion
Elevated liver enzymes are a signal that warrants further investigation and management. It’s essential for your mother to have a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional who can provide personalized recommendations based on her specific situation. Encourage her to take the necessary steps to address this issue, and remind her that many people with elevated liver enzymes can lead healthy lives with appropriate care and lifestyle adjustments.