Earwax Buildup: Causes, Treatment, and When to See a Doctor - Otolaryngology

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Earwax buildup, also known as cerumen impaction, is a common condition that can lead to discomfort, hearing loss, and even infections if not addressed properly. Understanding the causes, treatment options, and when to seek medical attention is crucial for maintaining ear health.


Causes of Earwax Buildup
Earwax is produced by glands in the ear canal and serves several important functions, including trapping dust and debris and providing a protective barrier against bacteria and fungi. However, certain factors can lead to excessive earwax buildup:
1. Overproduction: Some individuals naturally produce more earwax than others. This can be influenced by genetics, age, and even skin conditions.

2. Ear Canal Shape: The anatomy of the ear canal can affect how earwax is expelled. A narrow or curved ear canal may trap wax, leading to buildup.

3. Use of Earplugs or Hearing Aids: Regular use of earplugs or hearing aids can push earwax deeper into the ear canal, preventing it from naturally migrating out.

4. Improper Cleaning: Using cotton swabs or other objects to clean the ears can push wax further in instead of removing it. This can lead to impaction and discomfort.

5. Skin Conditions: Conditions such as eczema or psoriasis can affect the ear canal and lead to increased wax production.


Treatment Options
If you're experiencing symptoms of earwax buildup, such as earache, hearing loss, or a feeling of fullness in the ear, there are several treatment options available:
1. Ear Drops: Over-the-counter ear drops can help soften the wax, making it easier for it to exit the ear canal naturally. Common ingredients include hydrogen peroxide or mineral oil.

2. Irrigation: A healthcare professional can perform ear irrigation, which involves flushing the ear canal with warm water to remove the wax.

3. Manual Removal: An ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist can use specialized instruments to manually remove the earwax safely.

4. Avoiding Self-Cleaning: It's important to avoid inserting objects into the ear canal, as this can worsen the problem.


When to See a Doctor
You should consider seeing a healthcare professional if:
- You experience significant pain or discomfort in the ear.

- You notice a sudden change in hearing.

- You have a persistent feeling of fullness in the ear.

- You experience symptoms of an ear infection, such as fever or drainage from the ear.


Seeking Medical Help
Given your concerns about earwax buildup and its potential impact on your hearing, it is advisable to consult with an ENT specialist. They can assess the situation, determine the extent of the buildup, and recommend appropriate treatment.
You mentioned that you previously received treatment at a hospital in Keelung. It would be a good idea to return there or seek a referral to an ENT specialist. During your visit, the doctor may perform a physical examination of your ears, possibly using an otoscope to visualize the ear canal and eardrum. They may recommend ear drops to soften the wax before attempting to remove it.


Cost and Appointments
Regarding the cost of consultations, it can vary widely depending on the healthcare facility and your insurance coverage. It's best to contact the hospital directly for information on consultation fees and whether you need to make an appointment in advance.
In summary, earwax buildup is a manageable condition, and with the right approach, you can alleviate your symptoms and prevent further complications. Don't hesitate to seek medical attention to ensure your ear health is properly addressed.