What Causes Yellow Spots on the Sclera of the Eye? - Ophthalmology

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Yellow spots on the sclera, or the white part of the eye, can be attributed to several causes, and understanding these can help alleviate concerns regarding eye health. The yellowish discoloration you are observing is most commonly associated with a condition known as "pinguecula." This is a benign growth that typically appears on the conjunctiva, which is the clear tissue covering the white part of the eye. Pingueculae are often yellowish in color and can develop due to prolonged exposure to sunlight, wind, or dust, making them more common in individuals who spend a lot of time outdoors.

Another potential cause of yellow spots on the sclera could be "pterygium," which is a growth of fleshy tissue that can extend onto the cornea. Like pinguecula, pterygium is also associated with environmental factors, particularly UV exposure. While both conditions are generally harmless, they can sometimes cause discomfort or irritation, especially if they grow large enough to interfere with vision.

In some cases, yellow discoloration of the sclera can indicate a more serious condition, such as jaundice, which is caused by an accumulation of bilirubin in the blood. Jaundice can result from liver diseases, hemolytic anemia, or bile duct obstructions. If the yellowing is accompanied by other symptoms such as fatigue, abdominal pain, or changes in urine or stool color, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly.

It's important to differentiate between these conditions based on their appearance and associated symptoms. Pinguecula and pterygium are typically asymptomatic unless they become inflamed or irritated. In contrast, jaundice is usually accompanied by systemic symptoms that warrant further investigation.

If you notice that the yellow spot is changing in size, shape, or color, or if you experience discomfort, vision changes, or other concerning symptoms, it is advisable to consult an eye care professional. They can perform a thorough examination to determine the exact nature of the yellow spot and recommend appropriate management or treatment if necessary.

In summary, while yellow spots on the sclera are often benign and related to environmental factors, it is essential to monitor any changes and consult with a healthcare provider if you have concerns. Regular eye examinations are crucial for maintaining eye health and addressing any potential issues early on.