Floaters: Symptoms, Risks, and Treatment Options - Ophthalmology

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Floaters, often described as small spots, lines, or cobweb-like shapes that drift across your field of vision, are a common visual phenomenon, especially among individuals with high myopia (nearsightedness). They occur when tiny bits of gel or cells in the vitreous humor—the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina—cast shadows on the retina. While floaters are typically harmless, an increase in their frequency or changes in their appearance can be concerning, particularly if accompanied by other symptoms.

In your case, the fact that you have noticed an increase in the number of floaters in your right eye, despite a previous examination showing no retinal damage, suggests that you may be experiencing a common condition known as "vitreous detachment." This occurs when the vitreous gel begins to pull away from the retina, which can lead to more noticeable floaters. While vitreous detachment is generally not serious, it can sometimes lead to complications, such as retinal tears or detachment, particularly in individuals with high myopia. Therefore, it is essential to monitor your symptoms closely.

Regarding your concerns about blurred vision and distorted text, these symptoms could indicate several potential issues. High myopia can lead to changes in the shape of the eye, which may affect vision quality. Additionally, conditions such as macular degeneration or macular holes can cause central vision distortion. The macula is the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision, and any issues here can lead to significant visual impairment.

As for cataracts, they are characterized by clouding of the eye's lens, leading to blurred vision, glare, and difficulty seeing at night. Cataracts typically develop slowly and can be treated effectively with surgery when they significantly impair vision. The timing for cataract surgery is generally based on the degree of visual impairment and the impact on daily activities. If you find that your vision is affecting your quality of life, it may be time to discuss surgical options with your ophthalmologist.

In summary, while floaters are often benign, an increase in their number or changes in your vision warrant further evaluation. Given your history of high myopia, it is crucial to maintain regular follow-ups with your eye care provider. They can monitor for any potential complications, such as retinal tears or cataracts, and provide appropriate treatment options. If you experience any sudden changes in your vision, such as flashes of light or a sudden increase in floaters, seek immediate medical attention, as these could indicate a more serious condition.