Dry Eye Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Q: Dry Eye Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Hello： There are many causes for the diagnosis of dry eye syndrome. <br>In addition to various medications, treatment may also include warm compresses or changes in lifestyle and work habits to ensure sufficient tear production for regular eye use. <br>Therefore, effective treatm

Dry Eye Syndrome

Hello Doctor: I am troubled by dry eye syndrome.
Every time I apply artificial tears, it feels like the tears are immediately absorbed, and my eyes feel dry and gritty again.
Should I go to a major hospital for a thorough examination to find out the cause and receive treatment? Every time I visit a clinic, the doctor only prescribes artificial tears, but I feel that using them long-term doesn't provide much relief.
Additionally, I have nasal allergies, and my eyes become very itchy during seasonal changes.
Is there any treatment method available? Thank you...

Dian Dian, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2009/03/08

Dr. Feng Jiefan reply Ophthalmology

Hello: There are many causes for the diagnosis of dry eye syndrome.
In addition to various medications, treatment may also include warm compresses or changes in lifestyle and work habits to ensure sufficient tear production for regular eye use.
Therefore, effective treatment encompasses both medication and improvements in eye usage habits.
Itching in the eyes may also indicate an allergy issue, and it is advisable to discuss this in detail with a specialist to address any discomfort.
Wishing you peace and good health.

Reply Date: 2009/03/08

More Info

Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) is a common ocular condition characterized by insufficient tear production or excessive tear evaporation, leading to symptoms such as dryness, irritation, and discomfort in the eyes. The condition can significantly impact the quality of life, making it essential to understand its causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

Causes of Dry Eye Syndrome
1. Aging: As we age, tear production tends to decrease, making older adults more susceptible to dry eyes.

2. Environmental Factors: Exposure to wind, smoke, or dry climates can exacerbate dry eye symptoms. Prolonged screen time can also contribute to reduced blinking, leading to increased evaporation of tears.

3. Medical Conditions: Certain health issues, such as autoimmune diseases (e.g., Sjögren's syndrome), diabetes, and thyroid disorders, can affect tear production.

4. Medications: Some medications, including antihistamines, antidepressants, and certain blood pressure medications, can reduce tear production.

5. Contact Lens Use: Wearing contact lenses, especially for extended periods, can lead to discomfort and dryness.

Symptoms of Dry Eye Syndrome
Common symptoms include:
- A gritty or sandy sensation in the eyes
- Redness and irritation
- Blurred vision
- Sensitivity to light
- Excessive tearing (as a reflex response to dryness)
- Discomfort when wearing contact lenses

Treatment Options
1. Artificial Tears: While you mentioned that artificial tears seem to be absorbed quickly, they are often the first line of treatment. It's essential to choose preservative-free options, as preservatives can sometimes exacerbate irritation.

2. Punctal Plugs: If artificial tears are insufficient, your eye doctor may recommend punctal plugs. These tiny devices are inserted into the tear ducts to block drainage, helping to retain moisture on the eye's surface.

3. Medications: Prescription medications like cyclosporine (Restasis) or lifitegrast (Xiidra) can help increase tear production and reduce inflammation.

4. Environmental Modifications: Using a humidifier, wearing wraparound sunglasses outdoors, and taking regular breaks during screen time can help alleviate symptoms.

5. Dietary Changes: Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil supplements, may improve tear production. Staying hydrated is also crucial.

6. Allergy Management: Since you mentioned having nasal allergies, managing these allergies can significantly improve your eye symptoms. Antihistamines or allergy eye drops can help reduce itching and irritation.

7. Comprehensive Eye Examination: Given your ongoing symptoms and concerns about the effectiveness of artificial tears, it would be wise to seek a thorough evaluation from an ophthalmologist or a specialist in dry eye disease. They can perform tests to assess tear production, tear film stability, and the overall health of your ocular surface.

Conclusion
Dry Eye Syndrome can be a frustrating condition, especially when standard treatments seem ineffective. A comprehensive approach that includes lifestyle modifications, appropriate use of artificial tears, and possibly more advanced treatments like punctal plugs or prescription medications may provide relief. Additionally, addressing any underlying allergy issues can further improve your symptoms. Consulting with a specialist will help tailor a treatment plan specific to your needs, ensuring that you receive the most effective care for your dry eyes.

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