Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Symptoms - Cardiology

More Info

---

Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT) is a condition characterized by episodes of rapid heart rate originating from above the ventricles, typically due to abnormal electrical pathways in the heart. Understanding the diagnosis and symptoms of PSVT is crucial for effective management and treatment.


Diagnosis of PSVT
Diagnosing PSVT can be challenging, especially when the patient is not experiencing an episode. During asymptomatic periods, standard tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG) may not reveal any abnormalities, as the heart rhythm may return to normal. However, there are several diagnostic tools and methods that can be utilized:
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): While a standard ECG may not show PSVT during a non-episode, a Holter monitor (a portable ECG device worn for 24-48 hours) can capture intermittent episodes of tachycardia.

2. Event Monitor: Similar to a Holter monitor, an event monitor is worn for an extended period and allows the patient to record their heart rhythm when they feel symptoms.

3. Electrophysiological Study (EPS): This invasive procedure involves threading catheters through the blood vessels to the heart to induce tachycardia and study the electrical pathways. This is often considered when other tests are inconclusive.

4. Stress Testing: Sometimes, a stress test can provoke an episode of PSVT, allowing for observation and diagnosis.


Symptoms of PSVT
Symptoms of PSVT can vary widely among individuals and may include:
- Palpitations or a sensation of a racing heart
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Shortness of breath
- Chest discomfort or pain
- Anxiety or a feeling of impending doom
These symptoms can be similar to those experienced in other conditions, which can complicate the diagnosis.

Conditions with Similar Symptoms
Several other conditions can present with symptoms similar to PSVT, including:
1. Atrial Fibrillation (AF): This is characterized by an irregular and often rapid heart rate. Unlike PSVT, AF is more persistent and may not resolve spontaneously.

2. Atrial Flutter: Similar to AF, atrial flutter involves rapid heartbeats but typically has a more organized rhythm.

3. Ventricular Tachycardia (VT): This is a more serious condition originating from the ventricles and can lead to more severe symptoms, including syncope or sudden cardiac arrest.

4. Anxiety Disorders: Panic attacks can mimic the symptoms of PSVT, leading to palpitations and a sense of impending doom.

5. Hyperthyroidism: An overactive thyroid can cause increased heart rate and palpitations.

6. Electrolyte Imbalances: Conditions such as hypokalemia (low potassium) can lead to arrhythmias that may mimic PSVT.


Conclusion
In summary, while PSVT may not be detectable during asymptomatic periods, various diagnostic tools can help identify it when episodes occur. The symptoms of PSVT can overlap with those of other cardiac and non-cardiac conditions, making it essential for healthcare providers to conduct a thorough evaluation, including a detailed patient history and appropriate testing. If you suspect you have PSVT or experience symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.