Birth Control Pills: Side Effects and Cancer Risks Explained

Q: Birth Control Pills: Side Effects and Cancer Risks Explained

Hello： There are various methods of contraception, with oral contraceptive pills and intrauterine devices (IUDs) being common choices. <br>The most important principle is to choose a method that suits you and to use it correctly. <br>There are many types of contraceptive pills, a

Side effects of contraceptive pills?

Hello Dr.
Dong: I have been taking Yaz for almost two years now, and I usually stop for a month every 3 to 4 months without experiencing significant side effects.
I previously asked other doctors, and they said that aside from nausea and vomiting, there are no other serious symptoms associated with oral contraceptives.
However, my friend recently visited a gynecologist and learned that one of the high-risk factors for cervical cancer is the use of contraceptive pills.
I understand that there are many factors contributing to cancer, and it cannot be solely attributed to birth control pills.
I would like to ask if there are any other more serious long-term effects of taking contraceptive pills.
I read in the Yaz introduction that it may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer and cervical cancer; is this accurate? My friend suggested that I get an intrauterine device (IUD), but I am hesitant because I feel uncomfortable with the idea of having a foreign object inside me.
Additionally, I have heard many stories of people forgetting to have it removed or experiencing discomfort.
I apologize for the lengthy message.
Thank you, and I wish you all the best.

Francis, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2010/01/27

Dr. Dong Yuhong reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello: There are various methods of contraception, with oral contraceptive pills and intrauterine devices (IUDs) being common choices.
The most important principle is to choose a method that suits you and to use it correctly.
There are many types of contraceptive pills, and detailed information regarding their usage, methods, and potential side effects can be found in the medication's introduction.
It is a good habit to read the instructions before use, and if there are any unclear aspects, you should consult your physician.
This way, the physician can explain based on your individual situation, which will be more helpful for you.
Nausea, vomiting, and breast tenderness are common side effects of taking contraceptive pills.
Smoking and having a history of thrombosis are contraindications for their use.
For individuals with a history of hypertension, diabetes, or cancer who wish to use contraception, it is advisable to seek medical advice.
After relevant examinations, the physician will assess the individual’s situation and discuss medical options.
Some studies investigating the relationship between contraceptive use and cancer have reported that using contraceptive pills may increase the risk of cervical cancer; however, whether there is a direct relationship between contraceptive use and the occurrence of cervical cancer requires further in-depth research and discussion.
Receiving a Pap smear is beneficial for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer, and it is hoped that more people will actively utilize relevant medical resources.
Thank you.

Reply Date: 2010/01/27

More Info

Birth control pills, commonly known as oral contraceptives, are widely used for preventing pregnancy and managing various menstrual disorders. They contain hormones, typically a combination of estrogen and progestin, which work by inhibiting ovulation, altering the uterine lining, and thickening cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching an egg. While they are effective for many women, it is essential to understand the potential side effects and cancer risks associated with their use.

One of the most common side effects of birth control pills includes nausea, headaches, breast tenderness, and mood changes. These symptoms often subside after the first few months of use. However, some women may experience more severe side effects, such as blood clots, especially if they have risk factors like smoking, obesity, or a family history of clotting disorders. The risk of developing blood clots is higher in women who smoke and are over 35 years old, particularly when combined with hormonal contraceptives.

Regarding cancer risks, research has shown that the use of birth control pills is associated with both increased and decreased risks for different types of cancer. For instance, studies indicate that long-term use of oral contraceptives may slightly increase the risk of breast cancer, particularly in women who have a family history of the disease or carry genetic mutations such as BRCA1 or BRCA2. However, this risk appears to diminish after discontinuing the pills.

Conversely, oral contraceptives have been found to reduce the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers. The protective effect against ovarian cancer is particularly significant, with studies suggesting that the longer a woman uses birth control pills, the lower her risk of developing this type of cancer. This is thought to be due to the suppression of ovulation, which reduces the number of times the ovarian surface is exposed to potential carcinogens.

Your concern about the association between birth control pills and cervical cancer is valid. The risk of cervical cancer is influenced by several factors, including human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is the primary cause of cervical cancer. While some studies have suggested a link between long-term use of oral contraceptives and an increased risk of cervical cancer, it is crucial to note that this risk is significantly heightened in women who are HPV positive. Regular cervical screenings (Pap smears) and HPV vaccinations are essential preventive measures for women using birth control pills.

As for your friend's suggestion to consider an intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception, it is a valid option. IUDs are highly effective and can be either hormonal or non-hormonal. While some women may experience discomfort or complications with IUDs, many find them to be a convenient and long-term solution for birth control. It is essential to discuss your concerns and preferences with your healthcare provider to determine the best contraceptive method for you.

In conclusion, while birth control pills have associated risks, they also offer significant benefits, including the reduction of certain cancers. It is crucial to weigh these factors and consult with your healthcare provider to make an informed decision that aligns with your health needs and lifestyle. Regular check-ups and screenings are vital for monitoring any potential side effects and ensuring your overall health while using hormonal contraceptives.

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