Atherosclerosis and Its Impact on Peripheral Circulation

Atherosclerosis

My grandfather previously underwent a bypass surgery on his left leg, but after measuring the blood flow in his entire leg with a device, it still shows poor circulation.
He often experiences calf muscle soreness, and his entire foot feels cold and numb.
Sometimes, due to inadequate blood flow, his foot turns a purplish-black color.
Recently, he has also been feeling pain in his toes.
However, my grandfather does not have a history of diabetes, and we are unsure what to do.
Is there any way to diagnose and treat this condition? Additionally, I would like to know if there is a relationship between peripheral artery disease and atherosclerosis.

Ms. Hsieh, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2010/05/26

Dr. Bu Shiyun reply Cardiology

If there is severe peripheral vascular stenosis and occlusion, a physician must evaluate the possibility of advanced interventional treatments, such as angioplasty, stenting, or bypass surgery, to determine if there is potential for improvement.
Clinically, there are also medications that can alleviate some symptoms, but medical treatment always has its limitations.

Reply Date: 2010/05/26

More Info

Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances in the walls of arteries, leading to the formation of plaques. This process can significantly impact peripheral circulation, particularly in the lower extremities, as seen in your grandfather's case.
In your grandfather's situation, the history of vascular bypass surgery indicates that he has previously experienced significant arterial blockage, which is common in patients with atherosclerosis. The symptoms he is experiencing—muscle pain in the calves, coldness and numbness in the feet, and discoloration—are indicative of peripheral artery disease (PAD), a common consequence of atherosclerosis. The reduced blood flow can lead to claudication (pain during physical activity), critical limb ischemia, and in severe cases, tissue necrosis.

The fact that your grandfather does not have a history of diabetes does not exclude him from developing atherosclerosis or PAD. Other risk factors such as age, hypertension, high cholesterol levels, smoking, and family history can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. It's important to consider these factors when assessing his condition.

The purple-black discoloration of the foot and the pain in the toes are concerning symptoms that suggest inadequate blood supply, which could lead to more severe complications, including the risk of amputation if not addressed. It is crucial for your grandfather to seek immediate medical attention from a vascular specialist. They may recommend further diagnostic tests, such as Doppler ultrasound, angiography, or CT angiography, to evaluate the blood flow in his legs and determine the extent of the blockage.

Regarding your question about the relationship between "烏腳病" (which translates to "black foot disease" and often refers to severe cases of PAD) and atherosclerosis, they are indeed related. Atherosclerosis is a primary cause of PAD, which can lead to the symptoms associated with "烏腳病." The impaired blood flow due to atherosclerotic plaques can result in tissue ischemia, leading to the discoloration and pain your grandfather is experiencing.

In terms of treatment options, they may include lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking, adopting a heart-healthy diet, and engaging in supervised exercise programs to improve circulation. Medications may also be prescribed to manage symptoms and reduce cardiovascular risk factors. In some cases, further surgical interventions may be necessary to restore adequate blood flow, such as angioplasty or additional bypass surgery.

In summary, your grandfather's symptoms are likely related to atherosclerosis and its impact on peripheral circulation. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional who can provide a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate treatment plan to manage his condition effectively. Early intervention can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life for individuals with PAD.

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