Helicobacter Pylori Testing: Breath vs. Blood Methods

Q: Helicobacter Pylori Testing: Breath vs. Blood Methods

Hello, sir： 1. <br>Blood tests can only determine if there has been an infection in the past, so blood tests after antibacterial treatment may not be accurate. <br>2. <br>The breath test indicates whether there is an active infection, making it suitable for testing both before an

What are the methods for measuring Helicobacter pylori in the stomach?

1.
The blood test for Helicobacter pylori can indicate the presence of the bacteria, but it is not definitive for confirming its absence.
False negatives can occur, especially if the infection has been treated or if the immune response has changed.
2.
The 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) is generally considered more accurate than blood tests for detecting active Helicobacter pylori infections.
It measures the presence of urease, an enzyme produced by the bacteria, and is non-invasive.
There are minimal risks associated with this test, making it a safe option for patients.
3.
The term "eradication" of Helicobacter pylori refers to the successful elimination of the bacteria from the stomach, with reported success rates of up to 98% with appropriate treatment regimens, such as triple therapy.
However, it is important to note that if the bacteria are not completely eradicated, they can potentially repopulate quickly.
Therefore, while the treatment aims to eradicate the bacteria, reinfection or incomplete eradication can occur, leading to persistent issues.

Là bǐ, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2010/05/31

Dr. Chen Shidian reply Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Hello, sir: 1.
Blood tests can only determine if there has been an infection in the past, so blood tests after antibacterial treatment may not be accurate.
2.
The breath test indicates whether there is an active infection, making it suitable for testing both before and after treatment.
3.
Eradication means that no bacteria are present after treatment, which accounts for 98% of treated individuals.
Changhua Hospital cares about your health, Chen Shidian.

Reply Date: 2010/05/31

More Info

When it comes to testing for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), two common methods are the blood test and the urea breath test (specifically the 13C-urea breath test, or 13C-UBT). Each method has its own advantages and limitations, and understanding these can help clarify your concerns regarding H. pylori infection and its implications for your health.

1. Blood Test for H. pylori: The blood test detects antibodies against H. pylori. While it can indicate whether you have been exposed to the bacteria, it does not confirm an active infection. This is because antibodies can remain in your system even after the infection has been treated successfully. Therefore, if you had a positive blood test in the past and then a negative one after treatment, it does not definitively mean that you are free of the bacteria. It simply indicates that your body may no longer be producing antibodies, which could be due to successful eradication or other factors. Thus, the blood test is not a reliable method for confirming the absence of H. pylori after treatment.

2. 13C-Urea Breath Test (13C-UBT): This method is considered more accurate for diagnosing an active H. pylori infection. The test involves ingesting a urea solution labeled with a non-radioactive carbon isotope (13C). If H. pylori is present in the stomach, it will metabolize the urea, producing carbon dioxide that is absorbed into the bloodstream and exhaled in the breath. The breath sample is then analyzed for the presence of 13C. This method is non-invasive, quick, and has a high sensitivity and specificity for detecting active infections. It is generally safe, with minimal risk involved, making it a preferred choice for both initial diagnosis and post-treatment confirmation of eradication.

3. Eradication of H. pylori: The standard treatment for H. pylori infection often involves a combination of antibiotics and acid-reducing medications, commonly referred to as triple or quadruple therapy. The claim that these treatments can achieve a 98% eradication rate is based on clinical studies, but it is important to note that successful eradication can depend on various factors, including adherence to the treatment regimen, antibiotic resistance, and individual patient characteristics. While H. pylori can reproduce rapidly, the goal of treatment is to eliminate the bacteria from the stomach lining. If the treatment is completed as prescribed, the likelihood of successful eradication is high. However, if treatment is incomplete, there is a risk that the bacteria may survive and potentially lead to reinfection or persistent symptoms.

In summary, while the blood test can indicate past exposure to H. pylori, it is not a definitive method for confirming an active infection or its eradication. The 13C-urea breath test is a more reliable option for diagnosing and confirming the eradication of H. pylori. If you have concerns about persistent symptoms or the possibility of H. pylori infection, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider who can recommend appropriate testing and treatment options based on your specific situation.

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