Scoliosis: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment Options

Issues related to axial deviation?

Hello, I would like to ask about issues related to scoliosis.
I heard that if a male has a scoliosis greater than 15 degrees, he is exempt from military service (although this has been abolished).
I would like to know what problems and consequences can arise if the curvature is greater than 15 degrees, how it occurs, and how to effectively treat it (this is the most important).
Additionally, what foods can strengthen bones and the axial joints? Thank you for taking the time to address my questions, and I appreciate your response.

Xiao Zhen, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2010/08/12

Dr. Wang Shouji reply Orthopedics

Most cases of scoliosis have an unknown cause.
In adults, if the curvature is between 15-35 degrees, only symptomatic treatment is necessary.
If the curvature exceeds 35-40 degrees, surgery may be required.
There is no definitive treatment that can "cure" scoliosis; it is fundamentally impossible to change the curvature angle through diet or exercise.
If you have any questions, you can consult an orthopedic specialist at the hospital.
Wishing you a speedy recovery.

Reply Date: 2010/08/12

More Info

Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It can occur in varying degrees, and while mild cases may not present significant issues, more severe curvatures can lead to a range of complications. Understanding the causes, consequences, and treatment options for scoliosis is crucial for managing the condition effectively.

Causes of Scoliosis
Scoliosis can be classified into several types based on its cause:
1. Idiopathic Scoliosis: This is the most common form, accounting for about 80% of cases. The exact cause is unknown, but it typically develops during adolescence.

2. Congenital Scoliosis: This type occurs due to malformations of the spine that are present at birth.
3. Neuromuscular Scoliosis: This form is associated with conditions that affect the muscles and nerves, such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.

4. Degenerative Scoliosis: This type occurs in adults due to the degeneration of the spine, often related to aging or arthritis.

Consequences of Scoliosis
When the curvature of the spine exceeds 15 degrees, it can lead to several potential issues:
1. Physical Discomfort: Individuals may experience back pain, muscle fatigue, and discomfort due to the uneven distribution of weight and strain on the spine.

2. Respiratory Issues: Severe scoliosis can affect lung function, as the curvature may restrict the space available for the lungs to expand.

3. Postural Changes: Scoliosis can lead to noticeable changes in posture, which may affect self-esteem and body image.

4. Progressive Deformity: If left untreated, scoliosis can worsen over time, leading to more severe deformities and complications.

Treatment Options
The treatment for scoliosis depends on the severity of the curvature and the age of the patient. Here are common approaches:
1. Observation: For mild cases (less than 20 degrees), regular monitoring may be sufficient, especially in growing children.

2. Bracing: In moderate cases (20-40 degrees), especially in adolescents, a brace may be recommended to prevent further curvature as the child grows.

3. Physical Therapy: Exercises aimed at strengthening the back and core muscles can help improve posture and alleviate discomfort.

4. Surgery: In severe cases (greater than 40 degrees), surgical intervention may be necessary to correct the curvature and stabilize the spine. The most common procedure is spinal fusion, where the vertebrae are fused together to prevent further curvature.

Nutritional Support for Bone Health
While there is no specific diet that can "cure" scoliosis, maintaining strong bones and overall health is essential. Here are some dietary recommendations:
1. Calcium-Rich Foods: Dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt), leafy greens (kale, broccoli), and fortified foods (orange juice, cereals) are excellent sources of calcium, which is vital for bone health.

2. Vitamin D: This vitamin helps the body absorb calcium. Sources include fatty fish (salmon, mackerel), egg yolks, and fortified foods. Sun exposure also helps the body produce vitamin D.

3. Protein: Adequate protein intake is important for muscle health. Include lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, and legumes in your diet.

4. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Found in fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts, omega-3s can help reduce inflammation and support overall health.

5. Hydration: Staying well-hydrated is essential for maintaining overall health and supporting bodily functions.

Conclusion
Scoliosis is a complex condition that requires careful management. While a curvature greater than 15 degrees can lead to various complications, early intervention and appropriate treatment can help mitigate these risks. Regular monitoring, physical therapy, and, if necessary, surgical options are available to manage the condition effectively. Additionally, a balanced diet rich in calcium, vitamin D, and protein can support bone health and overall well-being. If you have concerns about scoliosis or its impact on your health, consulting with a healthcare professional is essential for personalized advice and treatment options.

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