Egg Allergy Testing in Children: What Parents Need to Know

Egg allergy

Hello, doctor.
I would like to ask if there are any tests to determine if a child has an allergy to eggs or other foods.
Can these tests be performed on infants, or is there a minimum age for testing? Are these tests covered by insurance or are they out-of-pocket expenses? If they are out-of-pocket, how much do they typically cost?

hao, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2010/10/08

Dr. Xiao Kaiwen reply Pediatrics

Currently, there are three specific allergen immunoassay methods.
One is the semi-quantitative test (MAST), which can detect 36 common allergens, including 20 inhalant and 16 food allergens (including eggs).
The advantage of this method is that it can test multiple allergens simultaneously, but its sensitivity is relatively poor.
Another method is the quantitative test (CAP), which can detect either 10 inhalant or 10 food allergens (or a combination of both) and can also test for some less common allergens.
The advantage of this method is better sensitivity, but the downside is that it tests fewer allergens at a time.
The third method is the allergen skin test, which is a more traditional testing method.
It involves injecting allergen extracts into the skin and observing the degree of redness and swelling after fifteen minutes to determine if there is an allergy.
However, due to the discomfort from the needle prick during the procedure, this method is less commonly used in clinical practice today.
It is generally recommended for children aged 2 to 3 years and older for more accurate results.
Health insurance only covers testing for those diagnosed with allergic rhinitis and asthma (for details, please consult a pediatric allergist).
The out-of-pocket costs for these tests can vary widely (ranging from 2,000 to 5,000 TWD, or even more), depending on the methods used and the number of allergens tested.

Reply Date: 2010/10/08

More Info

When it comes to understanding egg allergies in children, it's essential for parents to be informed about the testing methods, age considerations, and costs associated with these tests. Egg allergies are one of the most common food allergies in children, and they can manifest in various ways, including skin reactions, gastrointestinal issues, and respiratory symptoms.

Testing for Egg Allergy
There are several methods to test for food allergies, including egg allergies. The most common testing methods include:
1. Skin Prick Test: This is a traditional method where a small amount of the allergen (in this case, egg protein) is introduced into the skin using a tiny prick. If the child is allergic, a raised bump will appear at the test site. This test is generally safe and can be performed on children as young as 6 months, but it is more reliable in children aged 2 years and older.

2. Blood Tests: There are two main types of blood tests used to detect food allergies:
- Specific IgE Testing (CAP): This test measures the level of specific IgE antibodies in the blood that react to egg proteins. It is more sensitive than the skin prick test and can be performed on infants and children of any age.

- MAST Testing: This semi-quantitative test can detect multiple allergens simultaneously, including egg. However, it is less sensitive than the CAP test.

3. Oral Food Challenge: This is considered the gold standard for diagnosing food allergies. Under medical supervision, the child is given small amounts of the suspected allergen (egg) to see if a reaction occurs. This test is usually performed in a controlled environment, such as a hospital or allergy clinic.

Age Considerations
Infants can be tested for allergies, but the accuracy of the tests can vary with age. Generally, it is recommended to wait until the child is at least 2 years old for more reliable results. However, if there are significant symptoms or a strong family history of allergies, testing may be warranted earlier.

Costs and Insurance Coverage
The costs of allergy testing can vary widely depending on the method used and the specific tests conducted. Blood tests can range from $200 to $1,000 or more, depending on the number of allergens tested and whether the testing is done in a hospital or a private lab. Skin prick tests are generally less expensive but may not be covered by insurance for all patients.

In the United States, many insurance plans cover allergy testing, especially if it is deemed medically necessary. However, parents should check with their insurance provider to understand what is covered and what costs they may be responsible for.

Conclusion
If you suspect your child has an egg allergy, it is crucial to consult with a pediatric allergist or immunologist. They can provide guidance on the appropriate testing methods, interpret the results, and help develop a management plan if an allergy is confirmed. Early diagnosis and management can help prevent severe allergic reactions and improve your child's quality of life. Additionally, educating yourself about food allergies and how to read labels can be invaluable in ensuring your child's safety.

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