White Bumps on the Penis: Possible Causes and Concerns

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I have developed two small white raised spots on the frenulum, where the glans and the foreskin connect.
One is about 0.1 cm in size, and it has been present for almost a month.
I would like to know if this could be a symptom of a sexually transmitted infection or if it might be something else.

Xiao Kai, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2010/11/25

Dr. Li Yilun reply Urology

If you have any doubts, it is still recommended to consult a dermatologist or urologist.
Physicians often need to perform visual examinations, palpation, and take a detailed sexual history to confirm the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections.
Common skin protrusions may be caused by abnormal keratin proliferation known as seborrheic keratosis, which appears as skin-colored or light brown, round, multiple lesions.
Small white nodules may resemble tiny beads, and pinpoint-sized white papules are primarily due to cystic retention of keratin in the upper dermis; they may also result from androgenic stimulation during puberty, leading to sebaceous gland hyperplasia, ectopic sebaceous glands, or epidermal pigmentation.
Some small papules are referred to as pearly penile papules.
This condition does not affect your health or physiological function, and if asymptomatic, no treatment is necessary.
Approximately 10% of males may develop pearly penile papules.
These small papules are typically arranged in rows (circumferentially) around the coronal sulcus of the penis, ranging from the size of a pinhead to that of millet, and are skin-colored or light pink.
They cannot be washed or scraped off, are painless and itch-free, and represent a benign skin condition.
The exact cause is still unclear; however, they do not affect the patient's overall health, urinary function, or sexual function, and are not contagious.
The color of pearly penile papules can be pink, white, yellow, with transparent ones being less common.
They typically measure 1-2 mm in width and 1-4 mm in length, appearing as round papules arranged in single or double rows around the coronal sulcus of the penis.
They usually have no symptoms and are often discovered incidentally by the patient.

Reply Date: 2010/11/25

More Info

White bumps on the penis, particularly in the area where the glans (the head of the penis) meets the shaft, can be concerning for many individuals. It's important to understand that there are several potential causes for these white bumps, and not all of them are indicative of a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Here are some common causes and considerations:
1. Pearly Penile Papules: These are small, harmless bumps that can appear around the corona (the ridge of the glans). They are a normal anatomical variant and are not associated with any disease or infection. They usually do not require treatment unless they cause cosmetic concerns.

2. Fordyce Spots: These are small, painless, pale bumps that can appear on the shaft of the penis and are caused by enlarged sebaceous (oil) glands. They are also harmless and do not require treatment.

3. Sebaceous Cysts: These are small, non-cancerous lumps that can occur when sebaceous glands become blocked. They may appear white or yellowish and can be found anywhere on the body, including the genital area. They are generally harmless but can become inflamed or infected.

4. Genital Warts: Caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), these can appear as small, flesh-colored or white bumps. They may be raised or flat and can occur in clusters. If you suspect genital warts, it is important to consult a healthcare provider for diagnosis and potential treatment.

5. Folliculitis: This condition occurs when hair follicles become inflamed, often due to infection. It can cause small red or white bumps and may be itchy or painful. Treatment may involve topical antibiotics or other medications.

6. Lichen Planus: This is an inflammatory condition that can affect the skin and mucous membranes, including the genital area. It may present as white, lacy patches or bumps. A dermatologist or urologist can provide a diagnosis and treatment options.

7. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Certain STIs, such as herpes or molluscum contagiosum, can cause bumps or lesions in the genital area. If you have had unprotected sexual contact or are experiencing other symptoms (such as itching, pain, or discharge), it is crucial to seek medical evaluation.

Given that you have noticed these bumps for about a month, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis. They may perform a physical examination and, if necessary, additional tests to determine the cause of the bumps.
In the meantime, avoid any irritation to the area, such as vigorous washing or sexual activity, until you have a clearer understanding of what the bumps are. If you notice any changes, such as increased size, pain, or discharge, seek medical attention promptly.

In summary, while white bumps on the penis can be concerning, many causes are benign. A healthcare professional can help differentiate between harmless conditions and those that may require treatment, including STIs. Early evaluation and diagnosis are key to addressing any potential health concerns effectively.

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