How Dr. Lee Diagnoses Thyroid Issues: Key Signs to Watch For - Internal Medicine

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Dr. Lee employs a systematic approach to diagnosing thyroid issues, which can be broadly categorized into two main types: functional disorders and structural abnormalities. Functional disorders include conditions such as hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) and hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), while structural abnormalities can manifest as diffuse goiter or nodular goiter, which may include thyroid adenomas, cysts, or even thyroid cancer.

When a patient presents with symptoms that may suggest thyroid dysfunction, Dr. Lee typically begins with a thorough clinical evaluation. This includes a detailed medical history and a physical examination. Key signs that may indicate thyroid problems include:
1. Changes in Weight: Unexplained weight gain or loss can be a significant indicator of thyroid dysfunction. Hyperthyroidism often leads to weight loss despite increased appetite, while hypothyroidism can cause weight gain.

2. Energy Levels: Patients may report fatigue, lethargy, or increased energy levels. Hypothyroidism is often associated with fatigue, while hyperthyroidism can lead to increased energy and restlessness.

3. Temperature Sensitivity: Individuals with hypothyroidism may feel cold more often, whereas those with hyperthyroidism may experience heat intolerance and excessive sweating.

4. Mood Changes: Thyroid disorders can affect mood and mental health. Hypothyroidism may lead to depression and cognitive slowing, while hyperthyroidism can cause anxiety and irritability.

5. Menstrual Irregularities: Women may experience changes in their menstrual cycles, which can be indicative of thyroid dysfunction.

6. Physical Examination Findings: During the physical exam, Dr. Lee will check for signs of goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland), which may be visible or palpable. He will also look for any nodules or lumps in the thyroid area.

If there is a suspicion of thyroid dysfunction based on these clinical signs, Dr. Lee will typically order blood tests to assess thyroid function. The primary tests include:
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): This hormone is produced by the pituitary gland and regulates thyroid hormone production. Abnormal TSH levels can indicate either hyperthyroidism (low TSH) or hypothyroidism (high TSH).


- Free T4 and Free T3: These are the active thyroid hormones. In hyperthyroidism, free T4 and/or free T3 levels are elevated, while in hypothyroidism, they are low.

In cases where structural abnormalities are suspected, such as nodules or goiter, Dr. Lee may recommend imaging studies. A thyroid ultrasound is often the first step to visualize the thyroid gland's structure. If nodules are detected, a fine-needle aspiration biopsy may be performed to assess for malignancy.

In summary, Dr. Lee's approach to diagnosing thyroid issues involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory testing, and imaging studies. Key signs to watch for include changes in weight, energy levels, temperature sensitivity, mood changes, menstrual irregularities, and physical examination findings. If you suspect thyroid issues, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider for a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate management.