How to Properly Treat Jellyfish Stings: Expert Advice and Best Practices - Dermatology

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When it comes to treating jellyfish stings, it is essential to follow the latest medical guidelines to ensure the best outcomes for those affected. Historically, ammonia was used as a treatment for jellyfish stings; however, recent evidence suggests that this practice is not recommended anymore. The use of ammonia can actually worsen the pain and irritation caused by the sting. Instead, here are the recommended steps for properly treating jellyfish stings:
1. Get Out of the Water: The first step is to ensure that the affected person gets out of the water to prevent further stings and to assess the injury safely.

2. Do Not Rinse with Fresh Water: Rinsing the sting site with fresh water can trigger the nematocysts (stinging cells) that may still be on the skin to release more venom. Instead, rinse the area with seawater if possible.

3. Remove Tentacles: Use a pair of tweezers or the edge of a credit card to gently scrape off any jellyfish tentacles that may be stuck to the skin. Avoid using your hands, as this can lead to additional stings.

4. Hot Water Immersion: One of the most effective treatments for jellyfish stings is immersing the affected area in hot water (not scalding) for 20 to 45 minutes. The heat helps to inactivate toxins and alleviate pain. If immersion is not possible, applying a hot pack can also be beneficial.

5. Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be taken to help manage pain and inflammation. Always follow the recommended dosages.

6. Topical Treatments: After the initial treatment, applying a topical corticosteroid cream may help reduce inflammation and itching. Antihistamines can also be used to alleviate itching.

7. Seek Medical Attention: If the sting is from a box jellyfish or if the person experiences severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, or an allergic reaction, it is crucial to seek emergency medical attention immediately. Box jellyfish stings can be life-threatening and require urgent care.

8. Follow-Up Care: Monitor the sting site for signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, or pus. If any of these symptoms occur, consult a healthcare professional.

In summary, the treatment of jellyfish stings has evolved, and the use of ammonia is no longer recommended. Instead, focus on rinsing with seawater, removing tentacles carefully, applying heat, and managing pain with appropriate medications. Always be aware of the type of jellyfish involved, as some species can cause more severe reactions than others. If in doubt, or if the sting appears serious, do not hesitate to seek professional medical help.