the Risks of Hereditary Schizophrenia in Your Family - Psychiatry

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The issue of generational inheritance of neurodegenerative disorders?


Hello Dr.
Zhang,
I would like to ask some questions regarding the possibility of generational transmission of schizophrenia.
My mother-in-law has schizophrenia, while my father-in-law is normal.
My wife and her four sisters are all normal.
My mother-in-law has two sisters who both have schizophrenia, one of whom died by suicide.
My mother-in-law's brother has a son who developed schizophrenia after a breakup following his college graduation.

I have one son and one daughter with my wife.
What is the likelihood of generational transmission in this case? Are there any appropriate methods available in the current medical system for testing? Should my children consider contraception in the future to avoid potential inheritance? Thank you!

Niming, 50~59 year old female. Ask Date: 2013/01/14

Dr. Zhang Zhehong reply Psychiatry


Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that primarily occurs in early adulthood, with an average onset age of 20-30 years for males and around 30 years for females.
It is not merely a psychological issue but a physiological brain disease caused by an imbalance of neurotransmitters and brain cell receptors (such as dopamine and serotonin).
Clinical cases and research indicate that it has a hereditary tendency; if one parent has schizophrenia, the child has approximately a 10% chance of developing the disorder.
However, this is not the only cause of the condition; abnormalities in the development of the central nervous system may also trigger the disease.
When an individual is under stress due to psychological, social, or other factors, it can easily precipitate the progression of the illness and lead to its onset.
The chance of generational transmission is less than 10%, and currently, there are no testing methods available, so your children can be reassured that there is no need for contraception.

Reply Date: 2013/01/14

More Info


Understanding the hereditary risks associated with schizophrenia, particularly in the context of your family history, is a complex issue that requires careful consideration of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors.

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thought processes, perceptions, emotional responsiveness, and social interactions. The exact cause of schizophrenia is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. Research indicates that individuals with a family history of schizophrenia are at a higher risk of developing the disorder themselves. However, the degree of risk can vary significantly based on several factors.

In your case, your mother-in-law has schizophrenia, and there is a notable history of the disorder in her family, including her sisters and her brother's son. This suggests a potential hereditary component. Studies have shown that the risk of developing schizophrenia is approximately 10% for first-degree relatives (parents, siblings) of individuals with schizophrenia, compared to about 1% in the general population. For second-degree relatives (like your children), the risk is lower but still elevated compared to the general population.

Given that your wife and her sisters are currently unaffected, it is important to note that the presence of schizophrenia in the family does not guarantee that your children will develop the disorder. Genetic predisposition does not equate to inevitability; many individuals with a family history of schizophrenia do not develop the condition. Environmental factors, such as stress, trauma, and substance abuse, also play a significant role in the onset of the disorder.

As for the question of whether there are medical tests available to assess the risk of schizophrenia, currently, there are no definitive genetic tests that can predict the development of schizophrenia. While some research is being conducted into genetic markers associated with the disorder, these tests are not yet clinically available for risk assessment. Instead, mental health professionals often rely on family history, clinical evaluations, and psychological assessments to gauge risk.

Regarding the decision about whether your children should consider reproductive choices to avoid passing on potential genetic risks, this is a deeply personal decision. It is essential to weigh the risks and benefits carefully. Genetic counseling can be a valuable resource for families with a history of schizophrenia. A genetic counselor can provide information about the risks, discuss family planning options, and help you understand the implications of family history on your children's mental health.

In conclusion, while there is a hereditary component to schizophrenia, the risk for your children is not absolute. It is crucial to maintain open communication with your family about mental health and to seek professional guidance when needed. If you have concerns about your children's mental health or the potential for developing schizophrenia, consider consulting with a mental health professional or a genetic counselor who can provide personalized advice and support.

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