Persistent Glans Inflammation: Symptoms and Treatment Options

Glans inflammation

Hello Dr.
Lee,
I have noticed redness on the glans, with a rash and red streaks along the edge of the glans.
There are no secretions, itching, or burning sensations, and this condition has persisted for at least three months.
I visited a general clinic where I underwent several tests, including HPV testing and some blood tests, all of which returned negative results.
I have not engaged in any unprotected sexual activities.
The doctor prescribed me a topical cream, but I have not seen any improvement after using it for nearly a week.
Could you please advise what this condition might be and how it can be treated? Thank you for taking the time to respond.

Niming, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2013/03/14

Dr. Li Yilun reply Urology

Itching of the penis and small red rashes on the glans may indicate early changes related to some form of skin inflammation.
In young males, balanoposthitis is often associated with sexual activity, so it is important to rule out the possibility of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Clinically, a visual and physical examination is necessary to determine the potential causes of the skin changes.
Other causes may be related to hygiene practices, dermatitis, or allergic skin conditions.
Additionally, it may also be associated with diabetes; however, the condition can vary significantly among patients.
It is important to note that a simple description cannot provide a definitive diagnosis.
Therefore, if symptoms do not improve or worsen, it is strongly recommended to seek evaluation and examination from a qualified physician to avoid delaying treatment.
Physicians typically require a thorough medical history, visual examination, physical examination, and possibly additional tests to confirm the diagnosis and treatment plan.
It is advisable to consult a dermatologist or urologist for examination and treatment if there are any health concerns.
Furthermore, it is recommended to maintain a stable sexual partner and consistently use condoms to reduce the risk of STI transmission.

Reply Date: 2013/03/14

More Info

Persistent glans inflammation, also known as balanitis, can manifest as redness, rashes, and irritation on the glans (the head of the penis). In your case, the symptoms you describe—redness, rashes, and blood vessels at the edge of the glans without discharge, itching, or burning—suggest a localized inflammatory condition. Given that you have been experiencing these symptoms for at least three months and have tested negative for common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like HPV, it is essential to consider other potential causes and treatment options.

Possible Causes of Persistent Glans Inflammation
1. Irritation or Allergic Reaction: This could be due to soaps, lotions, or other personal care products that may irritate the sensitive skin of the glans. Even certain types of condoms or lubricants can cause allergic reactions in some individuals.

2. Infections: While you mentioned that tests for HPV and other STIs were negative, other infections, such as fungal infections (like candidiasis) or bacterial infections, could still be a possibility. These infections can sometimes present without typical symptoms like discharge or itching.

3. Dermatological Conditions: Conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, or lichen sclerosus can cause inflammation and changes in the skin of the glans. These conditions may require specific dermatological treatments.

4. Poor Hygiene or Overcleaning: Both inadequate hygiene and excessive cleaning can lead to irritation. It's essential to maintain a balance—cleaning the area gently without overdoing it.

Treatment Options
1. Topical Treatments: Since you have already tried a topical cream (康乳膏) without improvement, it may be worth discussing with your doctor the possibility of trying a different topical treatment. Corticosteroid creams can help reduce inflammation, while antifungal creams may be necessary if a fungal infection is suspected.

2. Avoid Irritants: Identify and avoid any potential irritants or allergens. This includes switching to hypoallergenic soaps and avoiding scented products.
3. Gentle Hygiene Practices: Ensure that you are cleaning the area gently with mild soap and water. Avoid scrubbing the area, which can exacerbate irritation.

4. Consult a Specialist: If your symptoms persist despite treatment, it may be beneficial to see a dermatologist or a urologist who specializes in genital skin conditions. They can provide a more thorough examination and possibly perform a biopsy if necessary to rule out any underlying conditions.

5. Follow-Up Testing: If the inflammation does not resolve, further testing may be warranted to rule out other conditions, including autoimmune diseases or chronic infections.

Conclusion
Persistent glans inflammation can be frustrating and concerning, especially when initial treatments do not yield results. It is crucial to work closely with your healthcare provider to explore all potential causes and treatment options. Given the duration of your symptoms, a referral to a specialist may provide you with the targeted care you need to resolve this issue effectively. Remember, maintaining open communication with your healthcare provider about your symptoms and treatment response is key to finding a solution.

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