Managing Persistent Abdominal Discomfort After Surgery: Next Steps - Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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What should I do?


Hello Dr.
Tsai,
Medical history description: In February 2012, I experienced severe cramping pain in my abdomen (primarily on the left side, with no diarrhea or vomiting).
I went to the emergency department of Hospital A, where I underwent blood tests, urinalysis, ultrasound, and CT scans.
The physician diagnosed me with small bowel inflammation and I was hospitalized for treatment (receiving antibiotics) for about four days before being discharged; I was prescribed antibiotics to take for a week.
In March of the same year, I experienced similar symptoms (this time with severe cramping pain in the lower abdomen, again with no diarrhea or vomiting) and returned to the emergency department of Hospital A.
I underwent blood tests, urinalysis, stool tests, ultrasound, and CT scans, and was again diagnosed with small bowel inflammation and swelling.
I was hospitalized for about five days and discharged with a week's worth of antibiotics.
During a follow-up visit, I asked the physician about the cause of the recurrent inflammation, and the physician suggested it might be due to an allergy to something (I have no history of allergies and have not taken any medications).
In June of the same year, the same symptoms occurred again (this time the cramping was also in the lower abdomen).
I went to the emergency department of Hospital B, where I underwent similar tests (including a CT scan).
This time, I was not hospitalized but received pain relief and IV fluids in the observation area.
After staying in the observation area for about 13-14 hours without seeing a physician to explain the issue, I informed the nurse that I wanted to be discharged, which was agreed upon, and I was given medication.
However, upon reviewing the medication, I noticed it was for urinary tract and bladder inflammation (as indicated on the medication bag).
After being discharged from Hospital B, I felt something was off about the medication they prescribed, so I did not take it.
Although the pain had somewhat diminished, my abdomen still felt very uncomfortable, so I returned to Hospital A for an outpatient visit.
This time, I consulted a different physician and described my symptoms.
Only blood tests were performed, and the results showed elevated white blood cells and inflammatory markers.
The physician suggested I undergo a small bowel endoscopy due to the recurrent inflammation, but since that hospital did not have the necessary equipment, I was referred to a larger hospital.
I then requested my medical records and went to Hospital C for examination.
At Hospital C, the gastroenterologist reviewed my symptoms and the previous CT images from Hospital A, confirming that my small intestine appeared severely swollen and likely inflamed.
The physician arranged for a barium swallow study, which indicated abnormalities in the small intestine in the right lower abdomen (near the colon, where the intestinal wall appeared somewhat obstructed, resembling a segment that seemed partially obstructed).
Subsequently, the physician arranged for a small bowel endoscopy, but only about 6 cm could be examined due to a sharp bend in that area.
A CT scan was then performed, revealing abnormalities in the right lower abdomen near the bladder, and I was advised to see a surgeon (to obtain tissue for biopsy).
The internist suspected I might have inflammatory bowel disease or Crohn's disease, emphasizing "possibly." I then visited the surgical outpatient department, where the surgeon diagnosed me with an appendiceal cyst and performed laparoscopic surgery for removal.
The pathology results were benign, and I was informed that no further follow-up was necessary (this was in December 2012).
Question: Since the surgery, although I no longer experience severe cramping pain, I still often feel discomfort in my abdomen, such as mild cramping or a dull ache (in the right lower abdomen, lower abdomen, and left abdomen).
Additionally, I can distinctly feel a hard mass in the right lower abdomen, which becomes more pronounced and harder when gas moves through the abdomen (the mass measures approximately 5x2 cm).
This condition existed before the surgery, and I informed the internist at Hospital C about it.
Since the onset of small bowel inflammation, my bowel movements have consistently been soft or loose, never solid.
(I also informed the physician at Hospital C, and stool tests showed no abnormalities).
My weight has remained stable without any loss.
I would like to ask the physician for advice regarding my current condition.
Given that I have undergone so many tests previously, what should I do next? Should I return to the previous hospital for an outpatient visit? It has been quite a journey, and I have already communicated my symptoms to the physician at Hospital C.
I hope the physician can provide me with some suggestions! (I apologize for the lengthy message, but I wanted to clearly describe my medical history and treatment experiences.) Thank you!

Mr. Hsu, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2013/06/18

Dr. Cai Anshun reply Gastroenterology and Hepatology


Hello: In your description, apart from the pathological tissue obtained from the laparoscopic removal of the appendiceal cyst, there have been no pathological results from inflamed tissue.
After all, blood tests, urine tests, stool tests, ultrasound, and computed tomography are all indirect examinations.
I believe the previous recommendation for a small bowel endoscopy is feasible; however, it may be worth considering first undergoing an upper endoscopy and colonoscopy to observe the areas involved (stomach/duodenum/colon/terminal ileum) for any similar inflammatory phenomena and to obtain biopsies.
This is necessary for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, celiac disease, gluten sensitivity, or even eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders, all of which require pathological tissue biopsy for diagnosis.
However, if the examination results are normal, it could actually be classified as irritable bowel syndrome (a condition caused by dysregulation of the intestinal autonomic nervous system, leading to periodic gastrointestinal symptoms).
Changhua Hospital cares about your health.
Dr.
Tsai An-Shun.

Reply Date: 2013/06/18

More Info


Managing persistent abdominal discomfort after surgery can be a complex issue, particularly when previous evaluations and treatments have not led to a resolution of symptoms. Based on your detailed medical history, it appears that you have experienced recurrent episodes of abdominal pain, which have been attributed to small bowel inflammation and, ultimately, an appendiceal cyst that required surgical intervention. Despite the surgery, you continue to experience discomfort, including a sensation of hardness in the abdomen and persistent changes in bowel habits.


Understanding Your Symptoms
1. Post-Surgical Changes: After abdominal surgery, it is not uncommon for patients to experience changes in sensation and discomfort. This can be due to several factors, including:
- Scar Tissue Formation: Surgery can lead to the development of adhesions, which are bands of scar tissue that can form between organs and tissues. These adhesions can cause discomfort and may lead to bowel obstruction or altered bowel function.

- Nerve Sensitivity: The surgical procedure may have affected the nerves in the abdominal area, leading to sensations of pain, discomfort, or even a feeling of fullness or pressure.

2. Bowel Function: The persistent soft or loose stools you describe could be related to several factors:
- Dietary Changes: If your diet has changed since your episodes of inflammation, this could affect your bowel habits.

- Gut Motility: Inflammation can alter gut motility, leading to diarrhea or soft stools. This can also be a result of post-surgical changes in the gut.

- Possible Underlying Conditions: Conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) could also contribute to ongoing gastrointestinal symptoms.

3. Palpable Mass: The hard area you can feel in your abdomen, especially when gas is present, may be related to:
- Residual Adhesions or Scar Tissue: These can create palpable areas in the abdomen.

- Bowel Distension: Gas or stool accumulation can cause parts of the bowel to become distended and palpable.


Next Steps for Management
Given your ongoing symptoms and the complexity of your medical history, here are some recommendations for managing your condition:
1. Follow-Up with a Gastroenterologist: Since you have already undergone multiple evaluations, it may be beneficial to see a gastroenterologist who specializes in functional gastrointestinal disorders. They can provide a comprehensive assessment and may suggest further diagnostic tests, such as:
- Endoscopy: To visualize the upper gastrointestinal tract.

- Colonoscopy: To evaluate the lower gastrointestinal tract.

- Imaging Studies: Such as an MRI or ultrasound to assess for adhesions or other abnormalities.

2. Consider Dietary Modifications: Keeping a food diary may help identify any dietary triggers that could be contributing to your symptoms. A dietitian can assist in creating a diet that minimizes gastrointestinal discomfort.

3. Pain Management: Discuss pain management strategies with your healthcare provider. This may include medications or alternative therapies such as physical therapy, which can help with abdominal discomfort related to adhesions.

4. Monitor Symptoms: Keep track of your symptoms, including any changes in bowel habits, pain intensity, and location. This information can be valuable for your healthcare provider in determining the next steps in your care.

5. Surgical Consultation: If your symptoms persist and significantly impact your quality of life, a surgical consultation may be warranted to evaluate the possibility of addressing any adhesions or other structural issues surgically.


Conclusion
Your situation is indeed complex, and it is understandable to feel frustrated with the ongoing symptoms after multiple evaluations and treatments. It is crucial to continue advocating for your health and seeking appropriate care. Engaging with specialists who can provide targeted evaluations and treatment plans will be key in managing your persistent abdominal discomfort. Remember, it is essential to communicate openly with your healthcare providers about your symptoms and concerns to ensure you receive the best possible care.

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