Floaters: Causes, Symptoms, and When to Seek Help - Ophthalmology

More Info

---

Floaters, or "flying flies" as they are often referred to, are small specks or strands that drift through your field of vision. They are particularly noticeable when you look at something bright, like a clear sky or a white wall. Understanding floaters, their causes, symptoms, and when to seek help is crucial for maintaining eye health.


Causes of Floaters
Floaters are primarily caused by changes in the vitreous humor, the gel-like substance that fills the eye. As we age, the vitreous can become more liquid and may pull away from the retina, leading to the formation of floaters. Other causes can include:
1. Age-related changes: The most common cause of floaters is the natural aging process. As people age, the vitreous humor can shrink and become more liquid, leading to the formation of clumps or strands that cast shadows on the retina.

2. Retinal tears or detachment: In some cases, floaters can indicate a more serious condition, such as a retinal tear or detachment. This occurs when the vitreous pulls away from the retina, potentially leading to vision loss.

3. Inflammation: Conditions such as uveitis, which is inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, can also cause floaters.

4. Bleeding: If there is bleeding in the vitreous cavity, it can lead to the appearance of floaters. This can occur due to various reasons, including diabetic retinopathy or trauma.

5. Other eye conditions: Certain eye surgeries or injuries can also lead to the development of floaters.


Symptoms
Floaters can appear in various forms, including:
- Small dots or specks
- Thread-like strands
- Cobweb-like shapes
- Shadows that move as you move your eyes
While floaters are usually harmless, they can be bothersome. However, if you notice a sudden increase in floaters, especially if accompanied by flashes of light or a shadow in your peripheral vision, it is essential to seek medical attention immediately, as these could be signs of a retinal tear or detachment.


When to Seek Help
You should consult an eye care professional if you experience:
1. Sudden increase in floaters: If you notice a sudden influx of floaters, it could indicate a serious issue, such as a retinal tear.

2. Flashes of light: Seeing flashes of light in conjunction with floaters can be a warning sign of retinal problems.

3. Loss of peripheral vision: If you experience a shadow or curtain effect in your vision, it could indicate a retinal detachment.

4. Changes in vision: Any significant changes in your vision, such as blurriness or loss of clarity, warrant a visit to an eye doctor.


Addressing Your Concerns
Regarding your specific questions:
1. Why are there light spots without disease?: The light spots you see are likely due to the normal aging process of the vitreous humor. They can appear as the vitreous pulls away from the retina, even in the absence of disease.

2. Difference between morning black spots and retinal holes: The black spots you see upon waking may be due to the vitreous settling or changes in your eye's position. In contrast, retinal holes typically present with persistent symptoms that do not resolve with changes in position or activity.

3. New glasses and floaters: It is unlikely that your new glasses are causing the floaters. However, if you notice changes in your vision after getting new glasses, it is worth discussing with your eye care provider.

In conclusion, while floaters are often benign, it is essential to monitor any changes in your vision and seek professional advice if you have concerns. Regular eye exams can help detect any underlying issues early, ensuring your eye health remains a priority.