Over-the-Counter Medications vs. Doctor Visits for Colds: What's the Difference?

Why not use over-the-counter medications?

Since childhood, I have always had a question: I see television commercials promoting over-the-counter medications for colds, yet most elders still say that one should see a doctor for a cold.
Is there a difference between these two approaches?

Ren Sheng, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2013/10/10

Dr. Lin Peiyu reply Pharmacology

Hello, over-the-counter medications can be categorized into three levels based on their safety: non-prescription drugs, indicated drugs, and prescription drugs.
Non-prescription drugs are those with mild effects and higher safety, which do not require guidance from healthcare professionals and can be freely purchased by anyone.
Non-prescription drugs are further divided into two categories: Class B non-prescription drugs and Class A non-prescription drugs.
Products like medicated oil and Mentholatum ointment fall under Class B non-prescription drugs, which can be sold in department stores, grocery stores, or food service establishments.
Products like Jin Shih Tzu gastrointestinal medicine, Salonpas, and antiseptic solution belong to Class A non-prescription drugs, which can be sold in stores with a licensed pharmacist.

The medications you mentioned for treating a cold are likely indicated drugs.
These have a slightly lower safety profile than non-prescription drugs and do not require a physician's prescription but can only be used under the guidance of a physician, pharmacist, or pharmacy technician.
Common indicated drugs generally include combination cold medications, vitamins, gastrointestinal medications, and topical skin medications, such as acetaminophen, cough syrup, Polytussin B, and Salbutamol.
Prescription drugs, on the other hand, can only be used with a prescription from a physician.
The physician prescribes appropriate medications, dosages, and administration routes based on each patient's condition, which are then dispensed by a pharmacist.
This is personalized medication.
The range of prescription drugs is broader, including common medications for lowering blood pressure, controlling blood sugar, and reducing cholesterol levels.
However, symptoms that seem like a common cold could also indicate more serious conditions like pneumonia.
Therefore, purchasing and taking medications without a physician's evaluation may delay the treatment of a serious illness.
It is advisable to consult a physician when feeling unwell to understand the condition and receive appropriate treatment.
Thank you for your inquiry, and I wish you good health.
Sincerely,
Pharmacist Chen Jianfang, Department of Pharmacy

Reply Date: 2013/10/10

More Info

When it comes to managing colds, there is often confusion about the roles of over-the-counter (OTC) medications versus visiting a doctor. Both approaches have their merits, but they serve different purposes and are appropriate in different contexts.

Over-the-Counter Medications:
OTC medications are widely available and can be purchased without a prescription. They are designed to alleviate symptoms associated with colds, such as congestion, cough, sore throat, and fever. Common OTC medications include:
1. Decongestants (e.g., pseudoephedrine) help relieve nasal congestion.

2. Antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine) can reduce sneezing and runny nose.

3. Cough suppressants (e.g., dextromethorphan) help control coughing.

4. Pain relievers/fever reducers (e.g., acetaminophen or ibuprofen) can alleviate headaches and body aches.

The primary advantage of OTC medications is their convenience and accessibility. They can provide symptomatic relief, allowing individuals to feel more comfortable while their bodies fight off the viral infection. However, it's important to note that OTC medications do not cure the cold; they merely manage symptoms.

Doctor Visits:
On the other hand, visiting a doctor is advisable in certain situations. While most colds are caused by viruses and resolve on their own, there are instances where medical intervention is necessary. You should consider seeing a doctor if you experience:
1. Severe Symptoms: High fever (over 101.5°F), difficulty breathing, chest pain, or persistent vomiting.

2. Duration: Symptoms that last longer than 10 days or worsen after initial improvement.

3. Underlying Conditions: If you have chronic health issues (like asthma or diabetes) that could complicate a cold.

4. Secondary Infections: Symptoms that suggest a bacterial infection, such as a severe sore throat (possibly strep throat), ear pain, or sinus pain.

A doctor can provide a thorough evaluation, potentially prescribe antiviral medications if appropriate, or recommend treatments for secondary infections. They can also offer guidance on managing symptoms effectively and safely.

The Difference:
The key difference between using OTC medications and visiting a doctor lies in the severity and nature of the symptoms. OTC medications are suitable for mild to moderate symptoms that do not indicate a more serious condition. In contrast, a doctor's visit is warranted when symptoms are severe, prolonged, or suggest complications.

Conclusion:
In summary, OTC medications can be effective for managing mild cold symptoms and are a convenient option for many people. However, it is essential to recognize when symptoms warrant professional medical attention. Understanding the difference between these two approaches can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and ensure they receive appropriate care when needed. Always consult with a healthcare professional if you are unsure about the severity of your symptoms or the best course of action.

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