Diabetes Risk: Home Testing vs. Professional Evaluation

Concerns about diabetes?

I have a family history of diabetes; my father and grandmother have it, while my mother's side only has my grandmother.
When I was a freshman in college, I had a health check-up, and my fasting blood glucose level was 105 mg/dL, with no glucose in my urine.
This year, when I measured my blood sugar using my grandmother's diabetes meter, my fasting level was 85 mg/dL, and two hours after eating, it was 92 mg/dL.
Is this home glucose meter accurate? Do I still need to go to the hospital for testing? I've never had this type of examination before.
Everyone says that those with a family history should have regular check-ups.
Is it sufficient to use this meter, or should I consistently go to the hospital for tests?

Haohao, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2014/02/20

Dr. Cai Zonglin reply Internal Medicine

Fasting blood glucose levels between 100 and 126 mg/dL indicate impaired fasting glucose, while levels above 126 mg/dL are diagnostic for diabetes.
Blood test results are generally more accurate.
Capillary blood glucose readings can also be referenced.
Individuals with impaired fasting glucose should pay attention to their diet and are advised to engage in regular exercise, as they have a higher risk of developing diabetes compared to the general population.
It is recommended to have regular blood tests to monitor glucose levels or to seek further evaluation at a hospital if capillary blood glucose levels are elevated.

Reply Date: 2014/02/20

More Info

When it comes to assessing your risk for diabetes, especially given your family history, it's essential to understand the limitations of home testing devices compared to professional evaluations. Family history is a significant risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. As you mentioned, both your father and grandmother have diabetes, which increases your risk. According to research, if one parent has diabetes, the risk for their children can be as high as 20%, and if both parents have it, the risk can rise to 40-50%.
Your home testing results show a fasting blood sugar level of 85 mg/dL and a postprandial (after meal) level of 92 mg/dL. These values are within the normal range, as fasting blood sugar levels should be below 100 mg/dL, and postprandial levels should be below 140 mg/dL. However, while home glucose meters can provide a general idea of your blood sugar levels, they are not always as accurate as laboratory tests. Factors such as the calibration of the device, the technique used for testing, and even the condition of the test strips can affect the results. Therefore, while your home readings are reassuring, they should not replace professional medical evaluations.

Given that you have a family history of diabetes and previous fasting blood sugar levels that were higher (105 mg/dL), it is advisable to undergo more comprehensive testing at a healthcare facility. A healthcare provider can perform tests such as fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), and HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) tests, which provide a more accurate picture of your glucose metabolism over time. The HbA1c test, in particular, reflects your average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months and is crucial for diagnosing diabetes and prediabetes.

In addition to testing, it's essential to consider lifestyle factors that can influence your risk. Regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and following a balanced diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins can significantly reduce your risk of developing diabetes. Since you have a family history, it's wise to adopt these healthy habits early on.

Moreover, if you experience any symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, or blurred vision, it is crucial to seek medical advice promptly. These can be signs of elevated blood sugar levels or diabetes.

In summary, while home testing can provide some insights into your blood sugar levels, it is not a substitute for professional medical evaluations, especially given your family history. Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider are essential for early detection and prevention of diabetes. They can guide you on the appropriate tests and help you develop a personalized plan to manage your health effectively.

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