Fibrocystic Changes: Should You Treat Underarm and Breast Cysts? - Surgery

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Fibrocystic changes in the breast, often referred to as fibrocystic breast disease, are a common condition characterized by the presence of cysts and fibrous tissue in the breast. These changes are generally benign and are most prevalent among women of reproductive age. The question of whether to treat underarm and breast cysts often arises, especially when symptoms such as pain or discomfort are present.


What Are Fibrocystic Cysts?
Fibrocystic cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in the breast tissue. They are typically round or oval and can vary in size. These cysts are often influenced by hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, which can lead to swelling and tenderness. Fibrocystic changes can also include areas of fibrous tissue, which may feel lumpy or rope-like upon examination.


Should You Treat Fibrocystic Cysts?
In most cases, fibrocystic cysts do not require treatment unless they cause significant discomfort or other symptoms. Here are some considerations regarding the management of these cysts:
1. Observation and Monitoring: For many women, the best approach is to monitor the cysts over time. Regular breast examinations and imaging studies, such as ultrasounds or mammograms, can help ensure that the cysts remain benign and do not change in a way that raises concern.

2. Symptomatic Treatment: If the cysts are painful, over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen may be recommended. Additionally, wearing a supportive bra can help alleviate discomfort.

3. Aspiration: In cases where a cyst is particularly large or painful, a healthcare provider may recommend aspiration, which involves using a needle to withdraw fluid from the cyst. This can provide immediate relief from discomfort. However, aspiration is generally not performed unless necessary, as it is primarily a symptomatic treatment.

4. Surgical Intervention: Surgical removal of fibrocystic cysts is rarely necessary unless there is a suspicion of malignancy or if the cysts are causing significant problems that cannot be managed through other means.


Risk of Breast Cancer
It's important to note that while fibrocystic changes are benign, they can sometimes complicate the interpretation of mammograms and increase the difficulty of detecting breast cancer. However, the presence of fibrocystic changes does not inherently increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Studies have shown that women with fibrocystic breast changes do not have a higher incidence of breast cancer compared to those without these changes.


Conclusion
In summary, fibrocystic changes in the breast, including cysts, are common and usually benign. Treatment is typically not necessary unless symptoms warrant it. Regular monitoring and symptomatic management are the mainstays of care. If you have concerns about breast health or changes in your breast tissue, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider who can provide personalized advice based on your specific situation. Regular breast examinations and imaging studies are crucial for early detection of any potential issues, including breast cancer.