Red Bumps Under Tongue: Causes and When to See a Doctor - Otolaryngology

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Red bumps under the tongue can be concerning, and it's important to understand the potential causes and when to seek medical attention. The appearance of red bumps or spots under the tongue can be attributed to several factors, ranging from benign conditions to more serious health issues.

One common cause of red bumps under the tongue is lingual varicosities, which are enlarged veins that can appear as red or purple bumps. These are generally harmless and often occur in older adults due to age-related changes in the vascular system. Another benign condition could be sublingual cysts, which are fluid-filled sacs that can develop under the tongue. These cysts are usually painless and may not require treatment unless they cause discomfort or interfere with oral function.

Allergic reactions can also lead to the development of red bumps under the tongue. If you've recently introduced new foods, medications, or dental products, an allergic reaction could manifest as swelling or bumps. In this case, identifying and avoiding the allergen is crucial.

Another possibility is oral thrush, a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida yeast. This condition can lead to red, inflamed areas in the mouth, including under the tongue. Oral thrush is more common in individuals with weakened immune systems, those taking certain medications (like antibiotics or corticosteroids), or individuals with diabetes.

Infections can also cause red bumps under the tongue. Viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus, can lead to sores or bumps in the oral cavity. If you have other symptoms, such as fever, sore throat, or swollen lymph nodes, it may indicate a viral infection that requires medical evaluation.

In some cases, trauma or irritation from biting the tongue, dental appliances, or rough edges of teeth can lead to localized swelling and redness. If the bumps are a result of irritation, they may resolve on their own once the source of irritation is removed.

However, there are instances when red bumps under the tongue could indicate more serious conditions, such as oral cancer or leukoplakia, which is characterized by white patches that can become red and inflamed. These conditions are less common but warrant immediate medical attention, especially if the bumps persist, change in appearance, or are accompanied by other concerning symptoms like difficulty swallowing, persistent pain, or unexplained weight loss.

When to see a doctor:
- If the red bumps persist for more than two weeks without improvement.

- If you experience pain, difficulty swallowing, or any other concerning symptoms.

- If you notice any changes in the size, shape, or color of the bumps.

- If you have a history of oral lesions or cancer.

In conclusion, while red bumps under the tongue can often be benign and self-limiting, it is essential to monitor the symptoms and seek medical advice if there are any concerns. A healthcare provider can perform a thorough examination, possibly including a biopsy if necessary, to determine the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment. Always prioritize your health and consult a professional when in doubt.