Can Adults Develop Axial Myopia from Prolonged Near Work? - Ophthalmology

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Axial myopia, or true myopia, is characterized by an elongation of the eyeball, leading to a refractive error where distant objects appear blurry. The concern about whether adults can develop axial myopia from prolonged near work is a valid one, especially in our increasingly digital world where many individuals spend extended periods focusing on screens or reading materials.

In adults, particularly those around the age of 30 who have no prior history of myopia, the likelihood of developing true axial myopia due to prolonged near work is significantly lower than in children and adolescents. This is primarily because the eye's growth and development typically stabilize by the end of puberty. During childhood and adolescence, the eye is still growing, and excessive near work can contribute to changes in eye shape, leading to myopia. However, in adults, the eye has generally reached its final size, and the mechanisms that lead to axial elongation are less active.

The article you referenced suggests that after reaching adulthood, the eye's ability to elongate in response to visual demands diminishes. This is supported by research indicating that while adults may experience visual fatigue or temporary changes in vision (such as pseudomyopia), the structural changes associated with true myopia are unlikely to occur. Pseudomyopia, often caused by ciliary muscle spasm due to prolonged near work, can result in temporary blurriness but does not lead to permanent changes in axial length.

However, it is essential to note that while the risk of developing axial myopia is low, prolonged near work can still lead to other visual problems, such as digital eye strain or computer vision syndrome. Symptoms may include discomfort, dryness, blurred vision, and headaches. Therefore, it is crucial for adults engaged in extensive near work to practice good visual hygiene. This includes taking regular breaks using the 20-20-20 rule (every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds), ensuring proper lighting, and maintaining an appropriate distance from screens.

Regarding the impact of prolonged near work on the sclera (the white outer coating of the eyeball), there is some evidence to suggest that excessive near work can influence the biomechanical properties of the sclera. Chronic eye strain may lead to changes in scleral thickness and stiffness, although the exact relationship and clinical significance of these changes are still under investigation. Maintaining good eye health through regular eye examinations and addressing any symptoms of eye strain is advisable.

In conclusion, while adults are unlikely to develop true axial myopia from prolonged near work, they can experience temporary visual disturbances and discomfort. Practicing good eye care habits and being mindful of visual ergonomics can help mitigate these effects. If you have concerns about your vision or experience persistent symptoms, it is always best to consult with an eye care professional for personalized advice and assessment.