Blood in Stool: Causes and When to Seek Help - Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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Blood in stool can be a concerning symptom, and it's important to understand its potential causes and when to seek medical help. The presence of bright red blood in your stool, especially if accompanied by pain or discomfort, can indicate several conditions, some of which may require immediate medical attention.


Possible Causes of Blood in Stool
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of bright red blood in the stool is hemorrhoids, which are swollen blood vessels in the rectum or anus. They can cause pain, itching, and bleeding, especially during bowel movements.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus that can occur due to passing hard stools. They often cause sharp pain and bleeding during bowel movements.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis and diverticulitis can cause bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Diverticulosis involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, while diverticulitis occurs when these pouches become inflamed or infected.

4. Colorectal Polyps or Cancer: Polyps are growths on the lining of the colon or rectum that can bleed. Some polyps can develop into cancer, which is why regular screening is important, especially for individuals over 50 or those with a family history of colorectal cancer.

5. Gastrointestinal Infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to blood in the stool.

6. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis can cause significant inflammation and bleeding in the intestines.


When to Seek Medical Help
You should seek medical attention if you experience any of the following:
- Persistent Bleeding: If the bleeding continues or worsens, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider.

- Severe Pain: If you experience severe abdominal pain or rectal pain, this could indicate a more serious condition.

- Changes in Bowel Habits: If you notice significant changes in your bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation, especially if accompanied by blood.

- Signs of Anemia: Symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, or dizziness could indicate that you are losing a significant amount of blood.

- Accompanying Symptoms: If you have fever, weight loss, or any other concerning symptoms along with the blood in your stool.


Conclusion
While some causes of blood in the stool, such as hemorrhoids or anal fissures, may be relatively benign, others can indicate serious conditions that require prompt medical evaluation. It’s crucial to not ignore these symptoms, especially if they persist or are accompanied by other alarming signs. Consulting a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation, which may include a physical examination, blood tests, or imaging studies, is the best course of action to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.
In summary, if you notice blood in your stool, especially if it is bright red and accompanied by pain, it’s advisable to seek medical attention promptly to rule out any serious conditions and to receive appropriate care.