Tongue Side Lesions: Causes and Concerns

Sore or cracked lesions on the side of the tongue?

I have consumed betel nut, but only occasionally.
Today, after eating betel nut, I noticed that the side of my tongue looks a bit like it's scraped.
Could this be cancer?

Mr. Li, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2015/07/02

Dr. Zhang Xiangyuan reply Dentistry

Dear netizen,
If you have noticed a sore or oral ulcer on the side of your tongue, it is advisable to have a dentist examine it for any abnormalities.
Adults over the age of 30 who have a history of smoking or betel nut chewing, or those who have quit, are eligible for a subsidized oral mucosa examination every two years through health insurance.
You can visit any dental clinic or hospital for this check-up.
Additionally, if you have an oral ulcer that has lasted for more than two weeks or if you have a wound in your mouth that has not healed for an extended period, you should consult a dentist for an examination, and if necessary, a biopsy may be performed.
Thank you for your inquiry.

Reply Date: 2015/07/02

More Info

When it comes to lesions on the side of the tongue, there are several potential causes that can range from benign to more serious conditions. Given your recent consumption of betel nut (檳榔), it is important to consider the implications of this habit on oral health. Betel nut is known to cause various oral lesions and has been associated with an increased risk of oral cancers, particularly in individuals who use it frequently or over long periods.

The lesion you described as "破皮" (broken skin) on the side of your tongue could be a result of several factors. Common causes of tongue lesions include:
1. Trauma or Irritation: If you have accidentally bitten your tongue or if there is friction from dental appliances or sharp edges of teeth, this can lead to lesions.
2. Infections: Viral infections, such as herpes simplex, can cause painful sores on the tongue. Fungal infections, like oral thrush, can also present with white patches or lesions.

3. Inflammatory Conditions: Conditions such as geographic tongue or lichen planus can lead to changes in the appearance of the tongue, including lesions.

4. Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in vitamins, particularly B vitamins, can lead to lesions or sores on the tongue.

5. Cancerous Lesions: While it is less common, persistent lesions that do not heal, especially in individuals who use betel nut or tobacco, should be evaluated for the possibility of oral cancer.

Given your concern about the possibility of cancer, it is crucial to monitor the lesion closely. If the lesion persists for more than two weeks, changes in appearance, or is accompanied by other symptoms such as pain, swelling, or difficulty swallowing, it is advisable to seek a professional evaluation from a dentist or an oral specialist. They may perform a thorough examination and, if necessary, a biopsy to rule out malignancy.

In the meantime, here are some general recommendations to help manage your oral health:
- Maintain Oral Hygiene: Brush your teeth and tongue regularly and use an antiseptic mouthwash to reduce the risk of infections.

- Avoid Irritants: If you consume betel nut, consider reducing or eliminating this habit, as it can contribute to oral lesions and increase cancer risk.

- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your mouth moist and help with healing.

- Balanced Diet: Ensure you are getting enough vitamins and minerals in your diet to support oral health.

In conclusion, while the lesion on your tongue could be due to various benign causes, the history of betel nut use raises a concern that should not be overlooked. Regular dental check-ups and being proactive about any changes in your oral health are essential steps in ensuring your well-being. If you have any further concerns or if the lesion worsens, do not hesitate to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation.

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